The universal probabilistic reward based on the difference of payoff realizes the evolution of cooperation

Tetsushi Ohdaira

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals
Volume 182, May 2024, 114754

• The universal probabilistic reward based on the difference of payoff is proposed.
• The greater payoff difference leads to the higher rewarding probability.
• This new reward mechanism effectively enhances the evolution of cooperation.

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