Complexity Digest 2002.50 Archive: http://comdig.unam.mx "I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen Hawking, 2000 _________________________________________________________________ 01. Artificial Life (A-Life 8), Video/Audio 02. Thinking Machines, Reverse-Engineering The Brain, Discover 02.01. Human Or Computer? Take This Test,, NYTimes 02.02. Immune Computer Systems,, Computerworld, 03. The World According to Google, MSNBC/Newsweek 04. Searching For Your Inner Chimp, Natural History 05. Helping Children Learn, but Not Forgetting the Fun, NYTimes 05.01. Ohio Strengthens Teaching of Evolution,, NYTimes 06. Empathy Leads To Fairness,, Bulletin of Math. Biol. 07. Stable Risk-Sharing, J. Math. Economics 08. Scientists Find Earliest "New World" Writings In Mexico, ScienceDaily 08.01. Olmec Origins of Mesoamerican Writing, Science 09. Self-Organized Lane Formation And Optimized Traffic Flow In Army Ants, Royal Soc. Proc. Biological Sc. 09.01. Tree-Hole Frogs Exploit Resonance Effects, Nature 10. Organization Of Work In The Honeybee: Labour And Behavioural Flexibility, Royal Soc. Proc. Biological Sc 11. A Unique Design For Self-Organizing Robots Controlled By "Hormonal" Software, ScienceDaily 12. Hydrodynamics: Bend And Survive, Nature 13. Biology Aiding Nanotech Researchers,, UPI Science News 14. Slaving: Solvent Fluctuations Dominate Protein Dynamics And Functions, PNAS 15. Air Pollution Induces Heritable DNA Mutations, PNAS 16. Humpty Dumpty and All That ...,, Science 16.01. Guiding Neuronal Growth With Light, PNAS 17. Immunology: Education And Promiscuity, Nature 18. T Cells Take Aim At Cancer, PNAS 19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks 19.01. Bush authorsizes CIA To Kill Some Terrorists 19.02. US Terror War Targeting Muslims: Malaysian PM, 19.02 20. Links & Snippets 20.01. Other Publications 20.02. Coming and Ongoing Webcasts 20.02.01. Public Conference Calls 20.03. Call for Papers 20.04. ComDig Announcement: New ComDig Archive in Beta Test _________________________________________________________________ 01. Artificial Life (A-Life 8) , Video/Audio Contributing Editors' Note: The 8th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems is took place at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, from the 9th to the 13th of December, 2002. We are publishing online short video summaries of talks and posters related to Complexity and full audio of plenary talks, with links to further material. The proceedings of the conference will be available online in 2003. Russell K. Standish (organizer): Introduction to the Conference. Video [asf]. Mark A. Bedau: Introduction to the Conference. Video [asf]. Rodney Brooks: Living Machines. Video [asf]. Audio mp3 [stream] [download]. Seth Bullock (co-organizer of Workshop): Summary of Beyond Fitness: Visualising Evolution, Workshop (papers online). Video [asf]. Elaine Catterall and Kristof van Laerhoven: Self-Organization in Ad Hoc Sensor Networks: An Empirical Study. Video 1 [asf]. Video 2 [asf]. Alan Dorin: Self-Assembling Dynamical Hierarchies. Video [asf]. Dominique Gross and Tom Lenaerts (co-organizers of Workshop): Summary of Workshop on Dynamical Hierarchies. Video [asf]. Janne Haverinen: A Stochastic Evolutionary Neuron Migration Process with Emerged Hebbian Dynamics. Video [asf]. Butler Hine: Bioinspired Engineering of Space Exploration Systems for NASA and DoD: From bees to BEES. Video [asf]. Audio mp3 [stream] [download]. Stephen Jones: Organizing Relations and Emergence. Video [asf]. Tom Lenaerts: Multi-level Selection and Immune Networks: Prelimenary Discussion of an Abstract Model. Video [asf]. Charley Lineweaver: Are we Alone?. Video [asf]. Audio mp3 [stream] [download]. Joshua Mitteldorf: Multilevel Selection and the Evolution of Predatory Restraint. Video [asf]. Barry McMullin: The Creation of Novelty in Artificial Chemistries. Video [asf]. Christopher L. Nehaniv: Evolution in Asynchronous Cellular Automata. Video [asf]. Pedro P. B. de Oliveira: Multiobjective Evolutionary Search for One-Dimensional Cellular Automata in the Density Classification Task. Video [asf]. Naoaki Ono: Selection of Catalysts through Cellular Reproduction. Video [asf]. Animation [mov]. Steen Rasmussen: Collective Intelligence in the Artificial Life Community: Successes, failures, and the future. Audio mp3 [stream] [download]. Experimental and Computational Dynamical Hierarchies. Video [asf]. Tim Taylor: An Alternative Approach to the Synthesis of Life. Video [asf]. James R. Watson and Nicholas Geard: Stability and Task Complexity: A Neural Network Model of Evolution and Learning. Video [asf]. Contributed by Nadia Gershenson and Carlos Gershenson _________________________________________________________________ 02. Thinking Machines, Reverse-Engineering The Brain , Discover Excerpts: McCormick estimates it will take at least two decades to combine self-switching chips with detailed neuronal maps to create even a very crude copy of the human brain. Ray Kurzweil, an artificial-intelligence researcher, is more optimistic. "I think that within 30 years, probably much sooner, we'll have completely reverse-engineered the human brain and be able to re-create competing systems that emulate it," he says. "The more you learn about biology, the more humble you become. It engineers things so much better than we do." * [1] Thinking Machines, Reverse-Engineering The Brain,, Chip Walter, (December 2002), Discover Vol. 23 No. 12 [1] http://www.discover.com/dec_02/feattech.html _________________________________________________________________ 02.01. Human Or Computer? Take This Test, , NYTimes Excerpts: Indeed, the abilities that require much of what is usually described as intelligence, like medical diagnosis or playing chess, have proved far easier for computers than seemingly simpler abilities: those requiring vision, hearing, language or motor control. "Abilities like vision are the result of billions of years of evolution and difficult for us to understand by introspection, whereas abilities like multiplying two numbers are things we were explicitly taught and can readily express in a computer program," (...) Try the tests online at The Captcha Project * [2] Human Or Computer? Take This Test,, Sara Robinson, 02/12/10, NY Times [2] http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/10/science/physical/10COMP.html _________________________________________________________________ 02.02. Immune Computer Systems, , Computerworld, Excerpts: Our bodies can detect and defend themselves against foreign invaders such as bacteria and parasites, even if the invaders haven't been seen before. Forrest's prototypes do the same thing. Her host-based intrusion-detection system builds a model of what is normal by looking at short sequences of calls by the operating system kernel over time. The system learns to spot deviations from the norm, such as those that might be caused by a Trojan horse program (...). When suspicious behavior is spotted, the system can take evasive action or issue alerts. * [3] Immune Computer Systems,, Gary H. Anthes, 02/12/09, Computerworld [3] http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/story/0,10801,76412,00.html _________________________________________________________________ 03. The World According to Google , MSNBC/Newsweek Excerpts: Their big idea was something they called PageRank (...), which took into account not just the title or text on a Web site but the other sites linked to it. "Our intention of doing the ranking properly was that you should get the site you meant to get," says Page. Basically, the system exploited the dizzyingly complex linking network of the Web itself-and the collective intelligence of the millions who surfed the Web-so that when you searched, you could follow in the pathways of others (...). * [4] The World According to Google, Steven Levy, 02/12/16, MSNBC/Newsweek [4] http://www.msnbc.com/news/844175.asp?cp1=1 _________________________________________________________________ 04. Searching For Your Inner Chimp , Natural History Excerpts: Our DNA is astonishingly similar. You can see for yourself by visiting the "Silver Project" Web site of Japan's National Institute of Genetics, which is home to a growing database of chimpanzee DNA. (...) The loss [of one gene, Ed] may have entailed some kind of disadvantage, but it enabled the evolution of the brain to proceed in unique ways. A second gene that seems to have taken on a unique form in humans is a gene that may have been crucial for the evolution of language. * [5] Searching For Your Inner Chimp, Carl Zimmer, December 2002 - January 2003, Natural History [5] http://carlzimmer.com/articles/2002/articles_2002_6.html _________________________________________________________________ 05. Helping Children Learn, but Not Forgetting the Fun , NYTimes Excerpts: Generally, the best educational programs for home use integrate fun with learning so smoothly that children will hardly realize that they are learning. But that is the best case; with many other programs, the integration is not so smooth. That does not mean the programs are worthless, but you need to keep your expectations in check. Stay away from educational titles that focus more on the drill than the skill. Conversely, some software that is not expressly "educational'' may offer plenty of opportunities for learning; (...). * [6] Helping Children Learn, but Not Forgetting the Fun, Alice Keim, 02/12/12, NYTimes [6] http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/12/technology/circuits/12kids.html _________________________________________________________________ 05.01. Ohio Strengthens Teaching of Evolution, , NYTimes Excerpts: The board has worked since January on the guidelines, which teachers will be encouraged, but not required, to follow. They will be the basis of new tests that students have to pass to graduate. Evolution will be the sole origin-of-life theory on the tests, meaning that schools that avoid teaching Darwinian theory may put their students at a disadvantage. Local districts may decide to teach intelligent design, the idea that life must have been designed by a nonspecified higher power because it is so complex, or other theories. * [7] Ohio Strengthens Teaching of Evolution,, The Associated Press, 02/12/12, NYTimes [7] http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/12/education/12EVOL.html _________________________________________________________________ 06. Empathy Leads To Fairness, , Bulletin of Math. Biol. Abstract: In the Ultimatum Game, two players are asked to split a prize. The first player, the proposer, makes an offer of how to split the prize. The rational strategy (...) is for the proposer to offer the smallest possible positive share and for the responder to accept. Humans do not play this way, however, and instead tend to offer 50% of the prize and to reject offers below 20%. Here we study the Ultimatum Game in an evolutionary context and show that empathy can lead to the evolution of fairness. Empathy means that individuals make offers which they (...) accept. * [8] Empathy Leads To Fairness,, K. M. Pagea & M. A. Nowakb,, Nov. 2002,, DOI: 10.1006/bulm.2002.0321, Bulletin of Math. Biol., Vol. 64, Issue 6, pp: 1101-1116, [8] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WC7-475JKFY-5&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2002&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%236731%232002%23999359993%23358195!&_cdi=6731&_sort=d&_docanchor=&wchp=dGLbVzz-lSzBk&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c24d95d3af1a485061ff247aaa4d2dd0 _________________________________________________________________ 07. Stable Risk-Sharing , J. Math. Economics Abstract: We analyze the evolution of contract participation and evaluate the selection of risk-sharing contracts in the presence of moral hazard. Organizations specify rules for sharing output among producers, and so affect the extent of private investment in production. Organizations are rigid, as some details of the contract are fixed, but people are free to move around. In the presence of rigidity, equilibrium displays coordination failure (...). Methods of evolutionary stability are used to select equilibria when organizations compete for members. We identify stable contracts which survive competition against any other. * [9] Stable Risk-Sharing, [10] J. Dutta, K. Prasad, Dec. 2002, DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4068(02)00076-9, J. Math. Economics, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp: 411-439 [9] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBY-478RPDN-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2002&_rdoc=4&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235939%232002%23999619995%23368852!&_cdi=5939&_sort=d&_docanchor=&wchp=dGLbVlb-lSzBV&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f74ade6a89397f88cc0876b0b0f7d16a [10] mailto:mailto:j.dutta@bham.ac.uk _________________________________________________________________ 08. Scientists Find Earliest "New World" Writings In Mexico , ScienceDaily Excerpts: Scientists have uncovered evidence of what is believed to be the earliest form of writing ever found in the New World. The discovery was based on glyphs carved on a cylindrical seal used to make imprints, and on greenstone plaque fragments found near La Venta in Tabasco, Mexico in the Gulf Coast region. The artifacts, which are about 350 years older than the earliest specimens until now challenge previously held notions about the earliest of Mesoamerican peoples who developed the first system of written communication. * [11] Scientists Find Earliest "New World" Writings In Mexico, 2002/12/09, ScienceDaily [11] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021206074827.htm _________________________________________________________________ 08.01. Olmec Origins of Mesoamerican Writing , Science Abstract: A cylinder seal and carved greenstone plaque bearing glyphs dating to ~650 B.C. have been uncovered near the Olmec center of La Venta in Tabasco, Mexico. These artifacts, which predate others containing writing, reveal that the key aspects of the Mesoamerican scripts were present in Olmec writing: the combination of pictographic and glyphic elements to represent speech; the use of the sacred 260-day calendar; and the connection between writing, the calendar, and kingship. They imply that Mesoamerican writing originated in the La Venta polity. * [12] Olmec Origins of Mesoamerican Writing, Mary E. D. Pohl, Kevin O. Pope, and Christopher von Nagy,, Science 2002 298: p. 1984 [12] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/298/5600/1984?etoc _________________________________________________________________ 09. Self-Organized Lane Formation And Optimized Traffic Flow In Army Ants , Royal Soc. Proc. Biological Sc. Abstract: We show how the movement rules of individual ants on trails can lead to a collective choice of direction and the formation of distinct traffic lanes that minimize congestion. We develop (...) a new model with a quantitative study of the behaviour of the army ant Eciton burchelli. It is an ideal species in which to test the predictions of our model because it forms pheromone trails that are densely populated with very swift ants. The model explores the influences of turning rates and local perception on traffic flow. The behaviour of real army ants is such that they occupy the specific region of parameter space in which lanes form and traffic flow is maximized. * [13] Self-Organized Lane Formation And Optimized Traffic Flow In Army Ants, Couzin & Franks,, 2002/12/09, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2210, Royal Soc. Proc. Biological Sc. [13] http://matilde.ingentaselect.com/vl=3651527/cl=23/ini=rsl/nw=1/rpsv/catchword/rsl/09628452/previews/w02pb0606 _________________________________________________________________ 09.01. Tree-Hole Frogs Exploit Resonance Effects , Nature Excerpts: Animal mating calls that exert a comparatively high sound pressure propagate over greater distances and generally have greater attractive power. Here we show that calling male Bornean tree-hole frogs (Metaphrynella sundana) actively exploit the acoustic properties of cavities in tree trunks that are partially filled with water and which are primarily used as egg-deposition sites. By tuning their vocalizations to the resonant frequency of the hole, which varies with the amount of water that it contains, these frogs enhance their chances of attracting females. * [14] Tree-Hole Frogs Exploit Resonance Effects, Bjorn Lardner And Maklarin Bin Lakim, Nature 420, 475 (2002) [14] http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420475a_fs.html _________________________________________________________________ 10. Organization Of Work In The Honeybee: Labour And Behavioural Flexibility , Royal Soc. Proc. Biological Sc Abstract: This study addresses (...) presenting and testing a revision of the temporal caste concept that recognizes two categories of tasks: those that require a physiological specialization for their efficient performance, and those that all workers are equally able to perform. Only those tasks requiring a physiological specialization are relevant to the temporal caste concept. This work suggests that the organization of work in social insect colonies reflects a compromise between selection for the benefits of division of labour and opposing selection for flexibility in task allocation * [15] Organization Of Work In The Honeybee: Labour And Behavioural Flexibility, B. R. Johnson, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2207, Royal Soc. Proc. Biological Sc [15] http://matilde.ingentaselect.com/vl=3651527/cl=23/ini=rsl/nw=1/rpsv/catchword/rsl/09628452/previews/w02pb0723 _________________________________________________________________ 11. A Unique Design For Self-Organizing Robots Controlled By "Hormonal" Software , ScienceDaily Excerpts: (...) presented an overview of an audacious project to have pieces of the proposed half-mile-long Space Solar Power System satellite put themselves together--self-assemble--without the help of astronauts. They propose a self-assembling space station consisting of two species of robotic devices, both controlled by the same software. One species will be the parts that will actually make up the station, (...) the second species of robot, the "free-flying intelligent fiber rope matchmaker units," or whips. Whips will consist of two modular robot units connected by a long connector line that can shorten or lengthen at the direction of the software. * [16] Robot Space Cowboys: A Unique Design For Self-Organizing Robots Controlled By "Hormonal" Software Is Moving Toward Space, 2002/12/09, ScienceDaily [16] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021206074546.htm _________________________________________________________________ 12. Hydrodynamics: Bend And Survive , Nature Excerpts: Everyone has seen trees, particularly young ones, bend in a strong wind. But fewer people realize that this is a clever way of reducing the drag force of the wind on the tree. Thus trees combine a functional necessity to grow tall and carry out photosynthesis with the ability to survive strong winds (Fig. 1). But just how much can a flexible object reduce drag by changing its shape? (...) A more ingenious way to reduce drag, as seen in nature - from trees to jellyfish to (...). * [17] Hydrodynamics: Bend And Survive, Victor Steinberg, Nature 420, 473 (2002), [17] http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420473a_fs.html _________________________________________________________________ 13. Biology Aiding Nanotech Researchers, , UPI Science News Excerpts: The project is working with viruses that can be engineered to stick to various elements, Belcher said. Experiments already have proven the process will work with germanium, cobalt, an iron-platinum compound and other materials, she said, (...). The viruses can grow in sheets, creating a flexible surface holding nanoparticles of various materials, Belcher said. This could lead to flexible computer displays, while removing the viruses after a nanostructure is formed could expand its usage into conditions where biological materials fail. * [18] Biology Aiding Nanotech Researchers,, Scott R. Burnell, 02/12/13, UPI Science News [18] http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20021211-043234-2067r _________________________________________________________________ 14. Slaving: Solvent Fluctuations Dominate Protein Dynamics And Functions , PNAS Excerpts: Protein motions are essential for function. Comparing protein processes with the dielectric fluctuations of the surrounding solvent shows that they fall into two classes: nonslaved and slaved. Nonslaved processes are independent of the solvent motions; their rates are determined by the protein conformation and vibrational dynamics. (...) Bond formation is the prototype of nonslaved processes; opening and closing of channels are quintessential slaved motions. The prevalence of slaved motions highlights the importance of the environment in cells and membranes for the function of proteins * [19] Slaving: Solvent Fluctuations Dominate Protein Dynamics And Functions, P. W. Fenimore, H. Frauenfelder, B. H. McMahon, and F. G. Parak,, PNAS 2002;99 16047-16051 [19] http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/25/16047 _________________________________________________________________ 15. Air Pollution Induces Heritable DNA Mutations , PNAS Excerpts: Hundreds of thousands of people worldwide live or work in close proximity to steel mills. Integrated steel production generates chemical pollution containing compounds that can induce genetic damage. (...) To address these issues experimentally, we exposed laboratory mice in situ to ambient air in a polluted industrial area near steel mills. (...) Our results indicate that human and wildlife populations in proximity to integrated steel mills may be at risk of developing germline mutations more frequently because of the inhalation of airborne chemical mutagens. * [20] Air Pollution Induces Heritable DNA Mutations, Christopher M. Somers, Carole L. Yauk, Paul A. White, Craig L. J., Parfett, and James S. Quinn, PNAS 2002;99 15904-15907 [20] http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/25/15904 _________________________________________________________________ 16. Humpty Dumpty and All That ..., , Science Excerpts: The study of polarity in biological systems has a long and illustrious past. The bilateral symmetry of most organisms contrasts with the major differences between the upper and lower halves of the organisms, be they animals or plants. Even the apparent symmetry across the body can be deceptive: The internal organs have a well-defined, predictable, left-right asymmetry in their organization, which again is widely preserved within vertebrates. It should then come as no surprise that even single-celled organisms such as bacteria possess and propagate intrinsically polar characteristics. * [21] Humpty Dumpty and All That ...,, Stella M. Hurtley,, Science 2002 298: 1941 [21] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5600/1941 _________________________________________________________________ 16.01. Guiding Neuronal Growth With Light , PNAS Excerpts: Control over neuronal growth is a fundamental objective in neuroscience, (...) and is particularly important for the formation of neural circuits in vitro, as well as nerve regeneration in vivo (...). We have shown experimentally that we can use weak optical forces to guide the direction taken by the leading edge, or growth cone, of a nerve cell. (...) We are therefore using light to control a natural biological process, in sharp contrast to the established technique of optical tweezers (...), which uses large optical forces to manipulate entire structures. * [22] Guiding Neuronal Growth With Light, A. Ehrlicher, T. Betz, B. Stuhrmann, D. Koch, V. Milner, M. G. Raizen, and J. Kas, PNAS 2002;99 16024-16028 [22] http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/25/16024 _________________________________________________________________ 17. Immunology: Education And Promiscuity , Nature Excerpts: Immune cells must be taught to distinguish between invading microbes and the body's own proteins. A new study re-emphasizes the importance of a thorough education in the thymus, and identifies an essential instructor. * [23] Immunology: Education And Promiscuity, William R. Heath And Hamish S. Scott, Nature 420, 468 - 469 (2002), [23] http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420468a_fs.html _________________________________________________________________ 18. T Cells Take Aim At Cancer , PNAS Excerpts: Ever since Paul Ehrlich introduced the term "magic bullet," the exquisite capacity for specificity afforded by the immune system has always underpinned its appeal as a therapeutic weapon against cancer. The first clinical validation of this principle came in the form of mAb administration, which, after a decade of skepticism, produced therapeutic successes in breast cancer and B cell lymphomas. T cell-based immunotherapy offers an even broader therapeutic potential, owing to the ability of T cells to recognize peptides derived from proteins in any cellular compartment. * [24] T Cells Take Aim At Cancer, Drew Pardoll, PNAS 2002;99 15840-15842 [24] http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/25/15840 _________________________________________________________________ 19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks _________________________________________________________________ 19.01. Bush authorsizes CIA To Kill Some Terrorists In absence of specific complexity related web-publications on this topic we do a Google search and link to the most relevant stories. We try our best to be politically unbiased. Excerpt: THE TIMES, citing senior military and intelligence officials, said about two dozen terrorist leaders had recently been on the previously undisclosed list of approved targets, among them bin Laden and his chief deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri, and other principal figures from al-Qaida and related groups. The officials said the CIA would be allowed to kill them if their capture was impractical and civilian casualties could be minimized. Spokesmen for the White House and the CIA would not comment about what some officials called the "high-value target list," the Times said. * [25] Bush authorsizes CIA To Kill Some Terrorists, 02/12/14, MSNBCnews.com [25] http://www.msnbc.com/news/847615.asp?0cv=NB10#BODY _________________________________________________________________ 19.02. US Terror War Targeting Muslims: Malaysian PM , 19.02 Excerpts: Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad on Friday said the US-led global anti-terror campaign was targeting Muslims and warned such action would only breed more violence. "Sanctions have been applied against more Muslim countries than others," Mahathir, who arrived in Tokyo on Thursday, said in a speech delivered at the United Nations University in Tokyo. "While Iraq, Iran and North Korea are labelled as the axis of evil, action is concentrated only on Iraq and Iran, Muslim countries," he said. * [26] US Terror War Targeting Muslims: Malaysian PM, 02/12/13, Press Trust of India/Agence France-Presse [26] http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=17655 _________________________________________________________________ 20. Links & Snippets _________________________________________________________________ 20.01. Other Publications _________________________________________________________________ 20.02. Coming and Ongoing Webcasts _________________________________________________________________ 20.02.01. Public Conference Calls * [27] PlexusCalls - John Holland in Conversation * AUDIO - [28] Audio File Available Now, mp3 (28mb) [27] http://www.plexusinstitute.com/news-show.cfm?id=57 [28] http://www.plexusinstitute.com/cf_download.cfm?file=Holland-complete.mp3&path=%5C _________________________________________________________________ 20.03. Call for Papers _________________________________________________________________ 20.04. ComDig Announcement: New ComDig Archive in Beta Test We are in the process of upgrading the Complexity Digest archives to a format with improved search capabilities. Alsa, we will finally be able to adequately publish the valuable feedback and comments from our knowledgable readers (see comments by Brian Josephson and Andrew Ilachinski in this issue). 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