Complexity Digest 2005.31

01-Aug-2005

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Content

  1. We Are The Web, Wired
    1. The Order Of Technology: Complexity And Control In A Connected World, Info. & Org.
    2. Calling All Luddites, NY Times
    3. Playing The Future: David Gosen, BBC News
  2. Don't Worry About China. Learn From It., NY Times
    1. The World's Greatest Investors: Bill Miller, Matthew HeimerSmartMoney.com
    2. Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective For Construct Development And Testing, Org. Behav. & Human Decision Proc.
    3. Economic Growth Or Environmental Protection? The False Dilemma Of The Latin-American Countries, Env. Sc. & Policy
  3. Why Bill Gates Wants 3,000 New Patents, NY Times
    1. Bug Hunters Get Big Cash Rewards, IST News
    2. Gloomy Picture On EU-US Innovation Comparison, IST News
  4. Pushing Drugs, How Medical Marketing Influences Doctors And Patients, Science News
  5. Vertical And Horizontal Transmission In Language Evolution, Tran. Phil. Society
  6. Eu Commission Welcomes Six-Nation Climate Pact, Reuters AlertNet
    1. Climate Change: El Ni?o Or La Ni?a? The Past Hints At The Future, Science
    2. Ice Lake Found On The Red Planet, BBC News
    3. Forest Conservation: Learning To Adapt, Science
  7. Glints From Inner Space: Sensing Earth's Hidden Radioactivity, Science News
    1. Earth Sciences: Ghosts From Within, Nature
    2. Life's Ingredients Found In Early Universe, New Scientist
  8. Cancer Cells Signal Before They Migrate, Science Now
  9. Stem Cells Bring Home The Bacon, Science Now
    1. When Good Clones Go Bad, Science Now
    2. Bone, Grow Thyself, Science Now
    3. New Method Shows It Is Possible To Grow Bone For Grafts Within A Patient's Body, ScienceDaily
  10. Lymphatic System: Unlocking The Drains, Nature
  11. Physics: Logical Spectroscopy, Science
  12. Learning, Memory And The Brain, NPR TOTN
    1. Robust Habit Learning In The Absence Of Awareness And Independent Of The Medial Temporal Lobe, Nature
  13. Clinging To Our Fears, Science Now
    1. Psychology: Conditioned Fear Of A Face: A Prelude To Ethnic Enmity?, Science
  14. Cognitive Neuroscience: Decision Amid Uncertainty, Nature
    1. Neuroscience: Genomics Reaches The Synapse, Nature
    2. Watch My Hands Deceive You, BBC News
  15. Tiny Fossils Tell Tall Tale, Science Now
    1. A New Hybrid, Animal Style, Science Now
  16. Evolution: Rogue Fruit Fly Dna Offers Protection From Insecticides, Science
    1. Grubs Fight Parasites With Food, BBC News
  17. Animal Behavior: Strong Personalities Can Pose Problems In The Mating Game, Science
    1. Worthless Gifts Get The Chicks, Science Now
    2. Courting Bird Sings With Stridulating Wing Feathers, Science
  18. Outsmarted By Ants, Nature
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Network
    1. Trading Cricket For Jihad, NY Times
    2. Research Team Isolates Receptor For Deadly Viruses; Discovery Could Be Key To Bioterrorism Defense, ScienceDaily
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Webcast Announcements
    3. Conference Announcements
    4. Call for Papers
  1. We Are The Web, Wired Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The Netscape IPO wasn't really about dot-commerce. At its heart was a new cultural force based on mass collaboration. Blogs, Wikipedia, open source, peer-to-peer - behold the power of the people. ? Ten years ago, Netscape's explosive IPO ignited huge piles of money. The brilliant flash revealed what had been invisible only a moment before: the World Wide Web. As Eric Schmidt (then at Sun, now at Google) noted, the day before the IPO, nothing about the Web; the day after, everything.
    1. The Order Of Technology: Complexity And Control In A Connected World, Info. & Org. Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: This paper examines some of the implications associated with the growing complexity of the contemporary world, consequent upon the expanding economic and organizational involvement of ICT-based systems and artefacts. (...) traditional forms of technological control are analyzed in terms of functional simplification and closure. Functional simplification involves the demarcation of an operational domain within which the complexity of the world is reconstructed as a simplified set of causal or instrumental relations. Functional closure implies the construction of a protective cocoon that is placed around the selected causal sequences to ensure their recurrent unfolding. (...)
    2. Calling All Luddites, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The world is moving to an Internet-based platform for commerce, education, innovation and entertainment. Wealth and productivity will go to those countries or companies that get more of their innovators, educators, students, workers and suppliers connected to this platform via computers, phones and P.D.A.'s.

      (...) wireless (Wi-Fi) and cellphone Internet access from every home, business and school in the city. If, God forbid, a London-like attack happens in a New York subway, don't trying calling 911. Your phone won't work down there. No wireless infrastructure. This ain't Tokyo, pal.

    3. Playing The Future: David Gosen, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The console industry has to be very careful in this next iteration because technology should be regarded only as an enabler.

      What is very important is that there is the innovation to give people a reason to buy the new machines.

      If the new technology, if the greater processing power does not deliver a quantum leap in that gaming experience, you will not grow the market. Consumers will not buy the new platforms.

  2. Don't Worry About China. Learn From It., NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: There is a lot of talk about how powerful China has become, but fearing the Chinese is useless and unnecessary.

    One disadvantage of being 60 is that you have to get up in the middle of the night, often more than once. But a big advantage of advancing age is that you get to recognize news media silliness when it happens.

    This comes to mind in terms of the economic relationship between the United States and China. Partly because a company affiliated with the Chinese government has made a bid to buy Unocal, a large American oil company,(...)

    1. The World's Greatest Investors: Bill Miller, Matthew HeimerSmartMoney.com Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: But Miller is difficult to imitate because his methodology is a moving target. His explorations of behavioral psychology, evolutionary biology and other sciences have convinced him that markets evolve unendingly, that no fixed strategy or formula can succeed for long. (Miller is more self-deprecating on the topic; as he cheerfully told SmartMoney, "I have no discipline.") The hunt for new paradigms has inspired Miller's long relationship with the Santa Fe Institute, a think tank that studies "complex adaptive systems"; this May he became chairman of SFI's board of trustees.
    2. Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective For Construct Development And Testing, Org. Behav. & Human Decision Proc. Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Leaders should be a key source of ethical guidance for employees. Yet, little empirical research focuses on an ethical dimension of leadership. We propose social learning theory as a theoretical basis for understanding ethical leadership and offer a constitutive definition of the ethical leadership construct. In seven interlocking studies, we investigate the viability and importance of this construct. We develop and test a new instrument to measure ethical leadership, examine the proposed connections of ethical leadership with other constructs in a nomological network, and demonstrate its predictive validity for important employee outcomes. (...)
    3. Economic Growth Or Environmental Protection? The False Dilemma Of The Latin-American Countries, Env. Sc. & Policy Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The sustainable development concept recognizes that economic growth and environmental protection are inextricably linked but not necessarily opposed. This question remains unclear in the Latin-American developing countries, where societies have been inducted to think that economic growth is associated with pollutant emission growth and depletable resource consumption. By using a databased graphical model, we show the fundamental shortcoming of this idea; we conclude that the adoption of environmentally adapted technologies is not opposed to economic growth. (...)
  3. Why Bill Gates Wants 3,000 New Patents, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The United States Patent and Trademark Office has been deluged with paperwork from Microsoft of late. "EXCITING," "uninteresting" and "not exciting" don't seem like technical terms. But they show up a lot in United States patent application No. 20,050,160,457, titled "Annotating Programs for Automatic Summary Generation." It seems to be about baseball. The inventors have apparently come up with software that can detect the portions of a baseball broadcast that contain what they call "excited speech," as well as hits (what I call "excited ball") and automatically compile those portions into a highlights reel.
    1. Bug Hunters Get Big Cash Rewards, IST News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Hackers who seek out loopholes in popular computer programs could soon get cash rewards for their finds. Security firm Tipping Point is setting up a scheme that will see it spend substantial sums to buy bugs sent in by researchers that join the project. (...) capitalises on the large number of security researchers trying out exploits on software and aims to pay them for their work. Once the scheme is up and running, security researchers will be able to submit the bugs they find (...) get a cash offer for what they have found within a week.
    2. Gloomy Picture On EU-US Innovation Comparison, IST News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: A report comparing the innovative performance of the US and the EU has painted a gloomy picture of Europe's ability to compete, and has offered several recommendations to get the EU back on track. (...) "We suggest that effective European catching up would require much less emphasis on various types of 'networking', 'interactions with local environment', 'attention to user need' - current obsessions of the European and national policy makers - and, conversely, much more on policy measures aimed to both strengthen 'frontier' research and, at the opposite end, strengthen European corporate actors," argue the paper's authors. (...)
  4. Pushing Drugs, How Medical Marketing Influences Doctors And Patients, Science News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: At least two pharmaceutical marketing strategies converge to alter doctors' prescribing habits. On one hand, sales representatives target physicians with visits and samples, and ads tout drugs in journals. On the other, mass media advertisements urge people to ask their doctors about specific brand-name medications. This direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising, which is not permitted in Europe and strictly limited in Canada, has in the past decade grown into a multibillion-dollar industry in the United States.

    (...) goad doctors into giving patients drugs that may be unnecessarily expensive or suboptimal in effect.

  5. Vertical And Horizontal Transmission In Language Evolution, Tran. Phil. Society Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: It has been observed that borrowing within a group of genetically related languages often causes the lexical similarities among them to be skewed. Consequently, it has been proposed that borrowing can sometimes be inferred from such skewing. However, heterogeneity in the rate of lexical replacement, as well as borrowing from other languages, can also give rise to skewed lexical similarities. It is important, therefore, to determine to what degree skewing is a statistically significant indicator of borrowing. Here, we describe a statistical hypothesis test for detecting language contact based on skewing of linguistic characters of arbitrary type. (...)
  6. Eu Commission Welcomes Six-Nation Climate Pact, Reuters AlertNet Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The European Commission on Thursday hailed a six-nation climate change pact unveiled by the United States and Australia, saying it would boost efforts to fight global warming. (...)

    . She stressed that the countries in the pact said the agreement supported, but did not replace ,the Kyoto Protocol. Some environmental activists have said the pact is a U.S. attempt to create a distraction ahead of U.N. talks in November, which will focus on how to widen Kyoto to include developing countries after 2012.

    1. Climate Change: El Ni?o Or La Ni?a? The Past Hints At The Future, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Two teams of researchers, studying the same evidence with the same techniques, have painted diametrically opposite pictures of a key period in the history of Earth's climate, which climatologists are probing for hints of what's to come. "It's a tough issue to sort out," says climate modeler Raymond Pierrehumbert of the University of Chicago in Illinois. "What's at stake is the regional distribution of climate," both past and future. But he's going to have to wait for more data from the past.
    2. Ice Lake Found On The Red Planet, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      The presence of water makes life a more likely possibility
      A giant patch of frozen water has been pictured nestled within an unnamed impact crater on Mars. (...)

      The ice disc is located on Vastitas Borealis, a broad plain that covers much of Mars' far northern latitudes.

      The existence of the water-ice patch on Mars raises the prospect that past or present life will one day be detected.

      It also boosts the chances that manned missions could eventually be sent to the Red Planet - because they would probably need accessible water to survive.

    3. Forest Conservation: Learning To Adapt, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The ambitious Northwest Forest Plan tried to balance desires for timber and biodiversity, but preservation trumped logging--and research. Can the plan be made as adaptable and science-friendly as intended? For decades, a steady stream of logging trucks rolled out of forests in the Pacific Northwest, piled high with ancient Douglas firs, valued for their huge trunks. Old-growth forests on private lands were the first casualties, and as they disappeared, the loggers turned to national forests.
  7. Glints From Inner Space: Sensing Earth's Hidden Radioactivity, Science News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The new data enable the scientists to directly measure planet-wide quantities of the elements thorium and uranium, whose radioactive disintegrations generate about half of the planet's heat, according to previous estimates.

    The power from those nuclear decays¡Xwhich exceeds that of 10,000 nuclear power plants¡Xpropels many dynamic features of the planet, including crustal motions that give rise to earthquakes and volcanoes and the convection of softened rock within the planet's mantle.

    Before the new measurements, "there were only guesses" about radioactivity's contribution to Earth's internal heat, (...). ?

    1. Earth Sciences: Ghosts From Within, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The first detection of geoneutrinos from beneath our feet is a landmark result. It will allow better estimation of the abundances and distributions of radioactive elements in the Earth, and of the Earth's overall heat budget. The decay of unstable isotopes of chemical elements within the Earth produces heat that contributes to its overall energy output (...) a fact recognized shortly after Henri Becquerel first discovered radioactivity in 1896.
    2. Life's Ingredients Found In Early Universe, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The molecular building blocks of life had already formed by the time the universe was only a quarter of its present age, new observations by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope reveal. The research bolsters the case for extraterrestrial life and may shed light on the nature of galaxies in the early universe. Lin Yan, an astronomer at the Spitzer Science Center in Pasadena, California, US, and colleagues used the telescope to observe eight galaxies at an average distance of about 10 billion light years away.
  8. Cancer Cells Signal Before They Migrate, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Why tumor cells migrate to one organ and not another has long confounded cancer researchers. But a new study may provide a critical break by showing that cancer cells contain genetic signatures that indicate whether--and where--they're likely to move. ?

    Cancer biologist Joan Massagu? of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City uncovered the new clues by studying breast cancer metastasis, in which malignant cells tend to spread to the bones and lungs.

  9. Stem Cells Bring Home The Bacon, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Researchers claim to have turned pig skin cells into embryos. A team of scientists reported here yesterday that they had transformed skin cells collected from fetal pigs into egg cells that went on to become embryos. While scientists say the work, presented here yesterday at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, is preliminary and more in-depth testing is needed, they agree that it's unusually compelling.
    1. When Good Clones Go Bad, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      Makin' copies. A mouse clone (right) hangs out with the original. Not all clones have fared as well.
      CREDIT: HO/Reuters
      Despite all the excitement and apprehension that surrounds cloning, the process remains remarkably inefficient: Just 1% to 5% of cloned mammals survive. Those that are born alive often suffer an array of abnormalities, such as obesity and liver failure, and die young. Why so many perish is unclear, though researchers have found that many genes are either over- or underexpressed in cloned embryos (...). (...) problems in a key step of cell division: the formation and arrangement of spindles, stringy structures that divvy up the chromosomes for daughter cells.
    2. Bone, Grow Thyself, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      Good As New. New bone (labeled "bioreactor") grows alongside established bone in the tibia of a rabbit. CREDIT: Stevens et al., PNAS early edition (July 2005)
      Tissue engineers have long dreamed of growing new organs in a Petri dish and transplanting them successfully into patients. Now, researchers have moved one step closer to making that dream a reality by growing new bone inside rabbits and using it to treat bone defects in the same animal. (...)

      Bones in the body are sheathed in a thin membrane of cells called the periosteum. (...)

      Using white rabbits, the researchers injected a surgical saline solution between the long, lower leg bone and the periosteum ?

    3. New Method Shows It Is Possible To Grow Bone For Grafts Within A Patient's Body, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: An international team of biomedical engineers has demonstrated for the first time that it is possible to grow healthy new bone reliably in one part of the body and use it to repair damaged bone at a different location. The research, which is based on a dramatic departure from the current practice in tissue engineering, is described in a paper (...). "We have shown that we can grow predictable volumes of bone on demand, (...) And we did so by persuading the body to do what it already knows how to do." (...)
  10. Lymphatic System: Unlocking The Drains, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: After centuries of playing second fiddle to the blood system, our lymphatic circulation is coming into its own as a key player in diseases ranging from cancer to asthma. (...)

    As a result of these discoveries, researchers are trying to intervene in its activities, for example to reduce the spread of tumours, to boost the efficiency of vaccines, or to treat the painful and disfiguring swelling known as lymphoedema.

  11. Physics: Logical Spectroscopy, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Precise knowledge of the frequencies of emission lines produced by quantum state transitions in atoms is essential for tests of fundamental physics as well as for the development of better clocks and measurement standards. The most precisely known atomic resonance frequencies in the optical spectral range are currently those of transitions in the positive ions of strontium, mercury, and ytterbium (1-3). At first thought, these species may not appear to be models of simplicity, nor are they treated very prominently in classical spectroscopy textbooks.
  12. Learning, Memory And The Brain, NPR TOTN Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Can you can learn something without being able to remember that you remember it? New brain research sheds some light on the answer to that puzzler. leads a discussion on the issue.
    Guest: Larry R. Squire, professor of psychiatry and neurosciences, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego; research career scientist, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego.
    1. Robust Habit Learning In The Absence Of Awareness And Independent Of The Medial Temporal Lobe, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Habit memory is thought to involve slowly acquired associations between stimuli and responses and to depend on the basal ganglia1. Habit memory has been well studied in experimental animals but is poorly understood in humans because of their strong tendency to acquire information as conscious (declarative) knowledge. Here we show that humans have a robust capacity for gradual trial-and-error learning that operates outside awareness for what is learned and independently of the medial temporal lobe.
  13. Clinging To Our Fears, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    Scared? Whites and blacks hold onto fears about each other more than they do about those within their own race. CREDIT: Elizabeth A. Phelps
    When the chef's special at the local diner makes us ill, we don't order it in the future. But we'll step up to the plate time and time again after being beaned with a baseball. Clearly, people hang onto some bad associations and disregard others. Now, new research shows that's true for social groups too: whites and blacks are much more likely to hold onto negative associations of each other than to those within their own race.
    1. Psychology: Conditioned Fear Of A Face: A Prelude To Ethnic Enmity?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: For all its absurdity, the Cold War was a political power game adhering to rational rules. However, it has been replaced by less predictable conflicts that give a larger role to emotion than to reason. They are manifested as vicious civil wars fueled by religious conflict and fought through terrorism and "ethnic cleansing." Thus, an abstract but overwhelming nuclear threat has been replaced by multiple concrete threats from "evil others" in the shape of terrorism.
  14. Cognitive Neuroscience: Decision Amid Uncertainty, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Choosing whether to stick to a belief or to abandon it in the face of uncertainty is central to human behaviour. Modelling implicates brain chemicals called neuromodulators in adjudicating this essential decision. ?

    Why did you choose to read this article? Perhaps you are a neuroscientist eager to refine your knowledge. Or perhaps you are keen to broaden your horizons outside your current discipline. These motivations reflect a fundamental trade-off in how we invest our time and effort:(...)

    1. Neuroscience: Genomics Reaches The Synapse, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A genomic survey uses innovative genetics to make neurons susceptible to RNA-mediated gene inactivation. The results implicate many genes in communication at the synapse between neurons and muscle.

      RNA interference (RNAi) is a spectacularly useful technique for selectively reducing gene activity (...). In this issue, a collaborative group of geneticists, genomicists and neuroscientists report the first large-scale RNAi screen in neuroscience (...). They identify more than 100 novel genes that have specific functions in the transmission of signals across the junction between neurons and muscle cells.

    2. Watch My Hands Deceive You, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      Prof Wiseman calls magic a "social contract for disaster"
      Magicians have been using a clever mix of dexterity and deception for centuries to astound and captivate their audiences. But how do they fool people who know they are going to be duped? Well, cutting edge-psychology is now being applied to this most ancient of entertainment forms, to understand how these masters of legerdemain trick the complexities of the human brain.
  15. Tiny Fossils Tell Tall Tale, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    Grounded. Embryos suggest that prosauropod dinosaurs grew up from four-legged hatchlings. CREDIT: (embryo) Gabriel Lio/ Courtesy of University of Toronto at Mississauga; (dinosaur) Kevin Dupois
    Paleontologists have long assumed that giant dinosaurs called sauropods, like all other dinosaurs, evolved from smallish bipedal ancestors and dropped down on all fours only as their bodies grew too large to be carried on two feet. But a pair of embryos dug up about 30 years ago--the oldest fossilized dinosaur embryos so far discovered--reveal a surprise. The fossils suggest that sauropods were already quadrupedal even as smaller creatures.
    1. A New Hybrid, Animal Style, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      Switcheroo. By switching to a non-native plant, a hybrid fly may have become isolated enough to form its own species. CREDIT: GUY BUSH/PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
      Is it possible to combine two animal species to make a new one? According to a study of wild flies, it's already happened in North America with the help of a foreign flower.

      One of the central questions in biology is how species come to be. New species usually arise when populations become isolated from each other and acquire so many mutations that they can no longer produce viable offspring with members of the other population. Such a process gave rise to the lemurs and other unique creatures of Madagascar after it broke away from Africa.

  16. Evolution: Rogue Fruit Fly Dna Offers Protection From Insecticides, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Genomes are full of DNA that doesn't belong there. Called transposons, these small bits of sequence jump between chromosomes, often disrupting genes in the process. But sometimes, these interlopers do some good. Dmitri Petrov, a population geneticist at Stanford University in California, and his colleagues have discovered a transposon that, by changing a gene, seems to help fruit flies evolve resistance to certain insecticides.
    1. Grubs Fight Parasites With Food, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      The caterpillars develop a fondness for certain plants to fight a parasite infection
      Tiger moth caterpillars have been seen medicating themselves to treat a nasty influx of parasites. Scientists found the caterpillars' sense of taste actually changed when they became infected with parasites.

      Instead of avoiding certain alkaloid plants, the caterpillars actually developed a fondness for them.

      This change in diet helps to beat the creatures' parasite infection, the researchers report in Nature.

  17. Animal Behavior: Strong Personalities Can Pose Problems In The Mating Game, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: A closer look at confrontational behavior in various animals shows that aggression may help individuals survive, but it can impair reproductive success. For male fishing spiders, courtship is dangerous business. Females of the species are notoriously aggressive, and the male--which signals his arrival by gently tapping the surface of the water--often ends up as a meal rather than a mate. Yet each time the female eats her would-be partner, she lessens her chance of reproducing, leaving evolutionary biologists wondering just why this behavior persists.
    1. Worthless Gifts Get The Chicks, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      The mating game. Individuals of many species, including insects and humans, evaluate potential mates using gifts. CREDIT: James Smith, Mississippi State University
      Males seeking a mate often give gifts. Whether it's a guy with a bouquet of roses or a fly offering a tasty dead insect, the message is the same: the better the gift, the better the guy. But how can a sincere male protect himself from a gold-digging female who takes the goods and runs? A new model suggests the best solution is for males to give gifts that are expensive for them, but worthless to the female.
    2. Courting Bird Sings With Stridulating Wing Feathers, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: In birds and other vertebrates, most acoustic signals are produced pneumatically by moving air through a vocal apparatus. Here we describe a unique mechanism used to produce a tonal acoustic signal in vertebrates. Video recordings of the courtship displays of male Club-winged Manakins, Machaeropterus deliciosus, reveal that males produce sustained harmonic tones through interactions among oscillating secondary wing feathers. This mechanism of sound production shows morphological and mechanistic convergence with arthropod stridulation.
  18. Outsmarted By Ants, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The main lesson, however, is one that we have yet to grasp: that we can learn from ants. Natural selection has made insect societies good at solving a problem that is simple to state but hard to solve (...). Because social insects have been solving this complex dynamic problem for millions of years, they have probably evolved some simple and elegant solutions. We should care about these solutions because human life depends more and more on engineering systems that must solve similar problems (...).
    • Source: Outsmarted By Ants, Francis Ratnieks, DOI: 10.1038/436465a, Nature 436, 465, 05/07/28
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Network Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Trading Cricket For Jihad, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Nothing has changed during the war on terror as much as our definition of the enemy.

      In the days after Sept. 11, it was commonly believed that the conflict between the jihadists and the West was a conflict between medievalism and modernism. Terrorists, it was said, emerge from cultures that are isolated from the Enlightenment ideas of the West. They feel disoriented by the pluralism of the modern age and humiliated by the relative backwardness of the Arab world. They are trapped in stagnant, dysfunctional regimes, (...).

    2. Research Team Isolates Receptor For Deadly Viruses; Discovery Could Be Key To Bioterrorism Defense, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A collaborative research team (...) have made a major breakthrough in efforts to combat two deadly viruses that could be engineered for use as bioweapons. The team isolated the functional receptor for the Nipah and Hendra viruses--naturally occurring and highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses for which no treatments or vaccines are currently available. (...) researchers and investigators demonstrated that a cell surface protein called Ephrin-B2 is a functional receptor for both the Hendra and Nipah viruses. Many animal species are vulnerable to these viruses, making the potential for amplification in intermediate hosts and transmission greater. Ephrin-B2 is highly conserved in animals (...).
  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Publications Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Genetic Tracing Shows Segregation of Taste Neuronal Circuitries for Bitter and Sweet, Makoto Sugita, Yoshiki Shiba, 05/07/29, Science : 781-785
      2. Fickle Finger's Funny Feel: Digit Illusion Modifies Touch Perception, 05/07/30, Science News, The brain rapidly adjusts its internal map of the body's skin surface, according to a new study of people who underwent laboratory procedures that induced illusions of finger growth or shrinkage.
      3. Cell Death May Spur Aging, 05/07/30, Science News, Genetic mutations in cells' internal powerhouses could contribute to aging by stifling tissue maintenance.
      4. In Search Of The Imperfect Nanocrystal, 05/07/30, Science News, Semiconductor nanocrystals can incorporate property-enhancing impurities into their growing structures as long as the crystals have facets onto which such atoms can strongly adhere.
      5. Bipolar Kids Harbor Unique Brain Trait, 05/07/30, Science News, Children and teenagers with bipolar disorder, a severe mental ailment that involves sharp mood swings, display unusually low tissue volume in a brain area involved in learning to regulate emotions.
      6. Why Isn't The Sky Violet, Daddy?, 05/07/30, Science News, A new analysis of why the sky looks blue reveals that the reason may be the combined effects of the atmosphere and of our eyes' color-sensing apparatus.
      7. The Genetics Of Human Drug Response, 2005/07/25, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1686
      8. Punishment And Partner Switching Cause Cooperative Behaviour In A Cleaning Mutualism, R. Bshary, A. S. Grutter, 2005/07/26, Biology Letters, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0344
      9. Killer Whales And Whaling: The Scavenging Hypothesis, H. Whitehead, R. Reeves, 2005/07/26, Biology Letters, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0348
      10. Possible Exposure To Nerve Agents And Brain Cancer Deaths In Gulf War Veterans, 2005/07/26, ScienceDaily & The National Academies
      11. New Program Aims To Guard Surfers From Spam, 2005/07/29, Information Society Technologies News
      12. NASA's Chandra Neon Discovery Solves Solar Paradox, 2005/07/29, ScienceDaily & Chandra X-ray Center
      13. From Cardinal To Ordinal Utility Theory: Darwin And Differential Capacity For Happiness, S. J. Peart - speartabw.edu, D. M. Levy - davidmlevyaaol.com, Jul. 2005, Online 2005/06/26, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1536-7150.2005.00394.x
      14. Memory For Face Locations: Emotional Processing Alters Spatial Abilities, A. J. Leavesley, R. D. Magrath - robert.magrathaanu.edu.au, Jul. 2005, online 2005/06/30, Evolution and Human Behavior, DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.10.001
      15. Homicide By Men In Japan, And Its Relationship To Age, Resources And Risk Taking, M. H.-Hasegawa - marikoawaseda.jp, Jul. 2005, online 2005/06/30, Evolution and Human Behavior, DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.12.003
      16. Free Trade Networks With Transfers, T. Furusawa, H. Konishi, Jun 2005, Online 2005/05/11, The Japanese Economic Review, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5876.2005.00324.x
      17. Wage Structure Effects Of Taiwan's Science And Technology Development Policy, J. P. Vere, Jun. 2005, Online 2005/05/31, Asian Economic Journal, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8381.2005.00201.x
      18. Evaluating The Credibility Of Scholarly Information On The Web: A Cross Cultural Study, Z. Liu - zliuaslis.sjsu.edu, X. Huang - isshxbazsu.edu.cn, Jun. 2005, online 2005/06/16, The International Information & Library Review, DOI: 10.1016/j.iilr.2005.04.004
      19. Knowledge Production From An African Perspective: International Information Flows And Intellectual Property, P. J. Lor - peter.loraifla.org, J. Britz - britzasois.uwm.edu, Jun. 2005, online 2005/07/05, The International Information & Library Review, DOI: 10.1016/j.iilr.2005.04.003
      20. A Model Of The Pacemaking Neuron Of The Respiratory Central Pattern Generator, Amini, B., Bidani, A., Zwischenberger, J. B., Clark, J. W., Jr., Jun.. 2005, online 2005/06/13, Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions, DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2005.847379
    2. Webcast Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity 2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida, 05/06/09-11
      2. Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC, 05/05/16-19
      3. Changing Habitats...Vanishing Species , Harvard University Science Center, 04/11/12
      4. Symposium : Energy For The Future, Taipei, Taiwan, 05/04/08
      5. Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the 65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16
      6. World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 05/01/26-30
      7. 1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7
      8. Neurobiological Foundation For The Meaning Of Information, Kolkata, India, Conference Webcast, 04/11/22-25
      9. ALife 9: Ninth International Conference on Artificial Life, Boston, MA, 04/09/12-15
      10. The 4th Intl Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex System, Beijing, China, 04/07/22-23
      11. Intl Conf on Complex Networks: Structure, Function and Processes, Kolkata, India, 04/06/27-30
      12. From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela (1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
      13. ECC8 Experimental Chaos Conference, Florence, Italy, 04/06/14-17
      14. Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium, 04/05/26-28
      15. International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
      16. Life, a Nobel Story, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/28
      17. Nonlinear Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics Days, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/26-27
      18. Science Education Forum for Chinese Language Culture, Panel Discussion, Taipei, Taiwan, 04/05/01
      19. Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology, , Lausanne,Switzerland, 04/01/29-30
      20. Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H., Internet-First University Press, 1994
      21. CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
      22. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998
      23. Edge Videos

    3. Conference Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. 2005 World Exposition "Nature's Wisdom", Aichi, Japan, 05/03/25-09/25
      2. Soc for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences 15th Annual Intl Conf, Denver, CO, USA, 05/08/04-06
      3. North American Computing and Philosophy conference, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 05/08/04-06
      4. 2005 Intl Conf on Natural Computation (ICNC'05), Intl Conf on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'05), Changsha, China, 05/08/27-29
      5. Projected Perception. At the Edge of Natural and Artificial Reality and Abstraction, Bolzano, Italy, 05/09/01-03
      6. Summer School on Econophysics and Complexity, Romania, 05/09/02-09
      7. ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, Canterbury, Kent, UK, 05/09/05-09
      8. 4th Intl School "Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics: Synchronization of Dynamical Systems and Complex Networks", Florence, Italy, 05/09/08-10
      9. Complexity, Science and Society Conf 2005, Liverpool, UK, 05/09/11-14
      10. 2005 Plexus Annual Summit: On the Verge: Changing Lives, Organizations and Minds-Complexity Science in a Changing World, Delray Beach, Florida, 05/09/11-13
      11. A General Overview On Complex Adaptive Systems, Santa Clara, CA, 05/09/15-16
      12. Dynamics Of Socio-Economic Systems: A Physics Perspective, Physics Center Bad Honnef, Germany, 05/09/18-24
      13. 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF 2005), Salamanca, Spain, 05/09/19-23
      14. Genomics in Context, University of Exeter, UK, 05/09/28-30
      15. Intl Master of Science in Complexity And Its Interdisciplinary Applications, Academic Year 2005-2006 deadline for applications 05/09/30
      16. CSDS-2005 Intl Conf on Control And Synchronization Of Dynamical Systems , Leon, Guanajuato, MEXICO, 05/10/04-07
      17. Traffic and Granular Flow, Berlin, Germany, 05/10/10-12
      18. Intl Congress of Nanotechnology 2005, San Francisco, USA, 05/10/31-11/04
      19. Adaptive And Resilient Computing Security Workshop, Santa Fe, NM, 05/11/02-03
      20. 5th Intl Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex System, Kobe, 05/11/14-17 (MCS'05 is also as a symposium of the 1st World Congress of International Federation for Systems Research)
      21. European Conference on Complex Systems, Paris, France, 05/11/14-18
      22. Econophysics Colloquium, Canberra (ANU), 05/11/14-18
      23. 3rd International Complexity Science and Educational Research Conference, Robert, Louisiana, 05/11/20-22, see also: Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, Inaugural issue - Free Online Access
      24. Systems Thinking and Complexity Science: Insights for Action, , 11th Ann ANZSYS Conf/Managing the Complex V Christchurch, New Zealand, 05/12/05-07
      25. 2005 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS'2005), Hong Kong, China, 05/12/15-19
      26. 3rd Biennial Seminar on the Philosophical, Methodological, and Epistemological Implications of Complexity Theory, Havana, Cuba, 06/01/09-12
      27. The Second International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology , Senri Life Science Center, Osaka, Japan, 06/01/26-27
      28. FRACTAL 2006 Complexity and Fractals in Nature, 9th Intl Multidisciplinary Conf, Vienna, Austria, 06/02/12-15
      29. 18th European Meetings on Cybernetics and Systems Research (EMCSR), Vienna, Austria, 06/04/18-21
      30. Alife X - The 10th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems,Bloomington, Indiana, 06/06/03-07

    4. Call for Papers Bookmark and Share

      1. IEEE Intelligent Systems, Special Issue on Self-Management through Self-Organization in Information Systems, Submissions due 05/09/02
      2. Art & Artificial Life International Competition VIDA 8.0 , Submissions due 05/09/01

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