Complexity Digest 2005.26

27-Jun-2005

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Content

  1. The Geometry Of Crashes - A Measure Of The Dynamics Of Stock Market Crises, arXiv
    1. Approximate Versus Exact Equilibria In Dynamic Economies, Econometrica
    2. Measuring Emergence in the Dynamics of New Venture Creation, Journal of Business Venturing
    3. Uncertainty And Learning In Pharmaceutical Demand, Econometrica
  2. Remembrance Of Things Future: The Mystery Of Time, NY Times
  3. Voting Technology: Election Auditing Is An End-To-End Procedure, Science
    1. Social Networks And Internet Connectivity Effects, Info. Communication & Society
    2. Organized Crime Or Individual Crime? Endogenous Size Of A Criminal Organization, Economic Inquiry
  4. Not-So-Deep Impact, Nature
  5. Neuroscience: Friends And Grandmothers, Nature
    1. Consciousness: Crick And The Claustrum, Nature
    2. What Other People Say May Change What You See, NY Times
    3. Neuroscience: An Intrusive Chaperone, Nature
  6. Roadmap To Unravelling Autism Revealed, NewScientist.com news service
    1. Autistic Brains Out Of Synch?, Science
    2. Unconventional Brain Circuits Offer Clues To Insomnia-obesity Connection, ScienceDaily
  7. Quantum Computer Springs A Leak, New Scientist
    1. Bacterial 'IQ', BMC Microbiology 2005
    2. Biocomputation, edge.org
    3. Next Dream for Venter: Create Entire Set of Genes From Scratch, The Wall Street Journal
  8. Computers Get The Meaning, InformationWeek
  9. Studying Invasion: Have We Missed The Boat?, Ecology Letters
    1. How Landscape Dynamics Affect Extinction Risk For Migratory Songbirds, ScienceDaily
  10. Hydrodynamics and Phases of Flocks, Annals of Physics
  11. The Origin of Life on Earth: A New General Dynamic Theory, Advances in Space Research
    1. Microbe May Push Photosynthesis Into Deep Water, Science
  12. War Of The Fire Ants, Nature News
    1. Allometry Of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size, Science
    2. Bird Alarm Calls Size Up Predators, Science
    3. Electric Organ Discharge Patterns During Group Hunting By A Mormyrid Fish, Porc. Biol. Sc.
  13. Evolutionary Biology: Island Of The Clones, Nature
  14. Trouble Brews Over Contested Trend In Hurricanes, Nature
    1. How Does The Antarctic Ice Sheet Affect Sea Level Rise?, Science
    2. Explaining The Motion Of Lotion In The Ocean, Science
  15. Cleaning The Air And Improving Health With Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles, Science
    1. Energy On Ice, Science News
  16. Ultracold Atoms Turn A Cool Trick, Science Now
    1. Tiny Whirlpools Prove Atoms Flow Freely, Science
    2. Researchers Create First Nanofluidic Transistor, The Basis Of Future Chemical Processors, Media Relations
  17. Granular Matter: A Tale Of Tails, Nature
  18. Dynamic Universe, Nature
    1. Hidden Worlds May Lurk In Stellar Dust, Science Now
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks
    1. Terror Trial Winding Down In Spain, Science Daily
    2. Terror And Civil Rights, Toronto Star
    3. Italy Angry Over U.S. Tactics Used In Spy Investigation, The Argus/NYTimes
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Webcast Announcements
    3. Conference Announcements
    4. Call for Papers
  1. The Geometry Of Crashes - A Measure Of The Dynamics Of Stock Market Crises, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: This paper investigates the dynamics of stocks in the S&P500 index for the last 30 years. Using a stochastic geometry technique, we investigate the evolution of the market space and define a new measure for that purpose, which is a robust index of the dynamics of the market structure and provides information on the intensity and the sectoral impact of the crises. With this measure, we analyze the effects of some extreme phenomena on the geometry of the market. Nine crashes between 1987 and 2001 are compared by looking at the way they modify the shape of the manifold that describes the S&P500 market space. These crises are identified as (a) structural, (b) general and (c) local.
    1. Approximate Versus Exact Equilibria In Dynamic Economies, Econometrica Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: This paper develops theoretical foundations for an error analysis of approximate equilibria in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents and incomplete financial markets. While there are several algorithms that compute prices and allocations for which agents' first-order conditions are approximately satisfied ("approximate equilibria"), there are few results on how to interpret the errors in these candidate solutions and how to relate the computed allocations and prices to exact equilibrium allocations and prices. We give a simple example to illustrate that approximate equilibria might be very far from exact equilibria. (...)
    2. Measuring Emergence in the Dynamics of New Venture Creation, Journal of Business Venturing Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: Modeling the dynamics of nascent entrepreneurship provides insight into how organizations are created. In order to study this complex phenomenon we develop a longitudinal case study and analyze it with respect to three modes of organizing: vision, strategic organizing, and tactical organizing. Multiple sources of data are used to identify changes within and across these three modes. Using longitudinal content analysis and other complexity science methods, we found a nearly simultaneous shift in all three modes, indicating a punctuation event. We define this punctuation as an "emergence event," and provide a process model of organizational emergence showing that a shift in tactical organizing generated a shift in strategic organizing, which resulted in a shift in the vision (identity) of the firm. We conclude with some theoretical implications of our analysis.
    3. Uncertainty And Learning In Pharmaceutical Demand, Econometrica Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Exploiting a rich panel data set on anti-ulcer drug prescriptions, we measure the effects of uncertainty and learning in the demand for pharmaceutical drugs. We estimate a dynamic matching model of demand under uncertainty in which patients learn from prescription experience about the effectiveness of alternative drugs. Unlike previous models, we allow drugs to have distinct symptomatic and curative effects, and endogenize treatment length by allowing drug choices to affect patients' underlying probability of recovery. We find that drugs' rankings along these dimensions differ, with high symptomatic effects for drugs with the highest market shares (...)
  2. Remembrance Of Things Future: The Mystery Of Time, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: There was a conference for time travelers at M.I.T. earlier this spring.

    I'm still hoping to attend, and although the odds are slim, they are apparently not zero despite the efforts and hopes of deterministically minded physicists who would like to eliminate the possibility of your creating a paradox by going back in time and killing your grandfather.

    "No law of physics that we know of prohibits time travel," said Dr. J. Richard Gott, a Princeton astrophysicist.

  3. Voting Technology: Election Auditing Is An End-To-End Procedure, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: After the 2004 U.S. presidential election, allegations of voting machine irregularities appeared on blog sites and in the press. However, the available evidence suggests that electronic voting machines outperformed all other methods used in November's election (1, 2). Data indicate that the residual vote rate (i.e., the number of uncounted votes resulting from an unintentional or intentional nonvote for the presidential race) dropped from 1.91% in 2000 to 1.07% in 2004, with the most dramatic improvements occurring in states that invested heavily in new election technology, (...)
    1. Social Networks And Internet Connectivity Effects, Info. Communication & Society Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: This paper explores the impact of communication media and the Internet on connectivity between people. Results from a series of social network studies of media use are used as background (...) among members of an academic research group and among distance learners. Asking about media use as well as about the strength of the tie between communicating pairs revealed that those more strongly tied used more media to communicate than weak ties, and that media use within groups conformed to a unidimensional scale, showing a configuration of different tiers of media use supporting social networks of different ties strengths. (...)

      (See also Preprint )

    2. Organized Crime Or Individual Crime? Endogenous Size Of A Criminal Organization, Economic Inquiry Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: This article develops a simple but general criminal decision framework in which individual crime and organized crime are coexisting alternatives to a potential offender. It enables us to endogenize the size of a criminal organization and explore interactive relationships among sizes of criminal organization, the crime rate, and the government's law enforcement strategies. We show that the method adopted to allocate the criminal organization's payoffs and the extra benefit provided by the criminal organization play crucial roles in an individual's decision to commit a crime and the way in which he or she commits that crime. (...)
  4. Not-So-Deep Impact, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The impact factor is taken by some administrators as a measure of the typical citation rate for the journal. But for many journals, it isn't 'typical' at all. Nature's latest impact factor is 32.2, an increase on last year and a high number that we're proud of, but it's one that merits a closer look.

    For example, we have analysed the citations of individual papers in Nature and found that 89% of last year's figure was generated by just 25% of our papers.

  5. Neuroscience: Friends And Grandmothers, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: How do neurons in the brain represent movie stars, famous buildings and other familiar objects? Rare recordings from single neurons in the human brain provide a fresh perspective on the question. 'Grandmother cell' is a term coined by J. Y. Lettvin to parody the simplistic notion that the brain has a separate neuron to detect and represent every object (including one's grandmother).
    1. Consciousness: Crick And The Claustrum, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Francis Crick believed that, in biology, structure is the natural path to understanding function. In his later career, he applied this dictum to the study of consciousness. Pretty much everyone is interested in the big questions about the brain, and the biggest big question is: what is consciousness?
    2. What Other People Say May Change What You See, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A new study uses advanced brain-scanning technology to cast light on a topic that psychologists have puzzled over for more than half a century: social conformity.

      The study was based on a famous series of laboratory experiments from the 1950's by a social psychologist, Dr. Solomon Asch.

      In those early studies, the subjects were shown two cards. On the first was a vertical line. On the second were three lines, one of them the same length as that on the first card.

    3. Neuroscience: An Intrusive Chaperone, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Stargazin is best known for helping to ferry receptor proteins to the surface of neurons. The discovery that it has an unexpected additional role has widespread implications for the way that neurons talk to each other.
  6. Roadmap To Unravelling Autism Revealed, NewScientist.com news service Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The intersection of genetics and neuroscience may hold the key to autism, says a leading UK researcher. By twinning the Autism Genome Project with brain imaging studies, it may finally be possible to reach an understanding of the complex and highly variable disorder.

    ¡§What we are trying to do is identify the function of genes and how they affect the way the individuals process information and the structure of the brain.(...)

    1. Autistic Brains Out Of Synch?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Autism researchers are hot on the idea that autism results from abnormal communications between brain regions rather than a broken part of the brain

      Fourteen-year-old Benjamin Garbowit memorizes long lists of ingredients from food labels but has trouble understanding the point of even simple storybooks. The eighth grader from Short Hills, New Jersey, struggles through a conversation with a stranger, offering mostly one-word utterances. And he is confused by common gestures such as a pat on the head from his mother. "What does it mean?" he wants to know. "Is it love?"

    2. Unconventional Brain Circuits Offer Clues To Insomnia-obesity Connection, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Unconventional wiring of the brain circuits that govern sleep and waking might explain the prevalence of insomnia and the condition's association with obesity, according to new work (...). Characterized by a chronic inability to fall asleep or remain sleeping, insomnia is estimated to affect one in every eight Americans. (...) Natural variation in this brain system might also explain differences among people in their susceptibility to sleep disturbances. (...) "The cell bodies of most neurons act as a filter (...). In contrast, it appears that the basic wiring of hypocretin neurons allows noise to become the major signal."
  7. Quantum Computer Springs A Leak, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: (...) efforts to engineer quantum computers around ever-smaller qubits may face significant obstacles. "We have proven that there is a universal decoherence rate for qubits," says van den Brink. This means that quantum information will inevitably be lost after a certain time, even without any external disturbance. Rather than remaining in a superposition of two states, a qubit will spontaneously collapse into one state or another (...).
    Editor's Note: Maybe this result shows that this road to quantum computation by isolating sytems is a dead end. Perhaps open, dissipative systems are more promising, involving the self-organization of entangled systems.
    1. Bacterial 'IQ', BMC Microbiology 2005 Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A comprehensive census of bacterial and archaeal signal transduction sequences reveals that the complexity of signalling systems can generally be correlated with the phylogenetic position and lifestyle of the organism, and that Wolinella succinogenes has the highest 'IQ' as measured by the number of encoded signal transducers.
    2. Biocomputation, edge.org Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: One aspect of our culture that is no longer open to question is that the most significant developments in the sciences today (i.e. those that affect the lives of everybody on the planet) are about, informed by, or implemented through advances in software and computation. In no other field is this as evident as in the biology and, in this regard, each of the panelists in this Edge conversation exemplifies this new trend.
      • Source: Biocomputation, Rodney Brooks, Ray Kurzweil, J. Craig Venter, edge.org, 05/06/29
    3. Next Dream for Venter: Create Entire Set of Genes From Scratch, The Wall Street Journal Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: But Dr. Venter aims to bypass that process by manufacturing a complete set of genes, or genome, of a single-cell bacterium in his laboratory. This man-made genome would be installed inside a bacterium whose own genes have been removed.

      By creating such a life form, Dr. Venter's researchers think they may come closer to understanding what life is and how scientists can manipulate it for the benefit of humankind. New artificial species could open avenues for industrial production of drugs, chemicals or clean energy.

  8. Computers Get The Meaning, InformationWeek Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: A new software language will let computers interpret the nuanced meaning behind a command in order to appropriately execute actions in manufacturing environments. Developed by federal government researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and colleagues in France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom, the process-specification-language software should make computers reason much more precisely than they do now.
  9. Studying Invasion: Have We Missed The Boat?, Ecology Letters Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Invasive species, and the ensuing homogenization of the world's biota, form a global problem (...). The magnitude of this issue demands a thorough understanding of the invasion process, which consists of three main stages: initial dispersal, establishment of self-sustaining populations, and spread. To assess the relative distribution of research effort among these stages, we conducted a literature review using 873 articles published in 23 major journals over the past 10 years. Of the 873 papers, only 96 (11.0%) studied initial dispersal, and only half of these (6.2% of the total) were empirical. (...)
    • Source: Studying Invasion: Have We Missed The Boat?, L. M. Puth - linda.puthayale.edu, D. M. Post, DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00774.x, Ecology Letters, Jul. 2005, online 01/06/05
    • Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01ayahoo.com
    1. How Landscape Dynamics Affect Extinction Risk For Migratory Songbirds, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: It's too late for the dinosaurs; the dodo as well. But research (...) on how chronic habitat loss increases the extinction risk of migratory songbirds may provide some insight about how other animals might respond to a similar loss of habitat. (...) developed a landscape-based population model to evaluate extinction risk for several types of migratory songbirds that breed in the temperate forests and grasslands of the United States. After breeding there, the birds then migrate south to spend the winter months in Central and South America. (...)
  10. Hydrodynamics and Phases of Flocks, Annals of Physics Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: We review the past decade's theoretical and experimental studies of flocking: the collective, coherent motion of large numbers of self-propelled "particles" (usually, but not always, living organisms). Like equilibrium condensed matter systems, flocks exhibit distinct "phases" which can be classified by their symmetries. (...) Flocks are nonetheless very different from equilibrium systems, due to the intrinsically nonequilibrium self-propulsion of the constituent "organisms."
  11. The Origin of Life on Earth: A New General Dynamic Theory, Advances in Space Research Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: It is well known by those concerned with the origin of life on Earth that Darwinian evolutionary theory has significant limitations. The most important of these, it is argued here, is a mismatch between the central dogma of natural selection and the competitive conditions associated not only with the emergence of life but also with its recovery from major extinction episodes. To resolve this problem, a new general dynamic theory - the "dynamic-strategy theory" - has been proposed. This realist theory not only casts light on the way life first emerged on earth, it also explains and predicts the systematically fluctuating fortunes of both nature and human society. The Snooks-Panov algorithm is employed to justify this integrated approach.
    1. Microbe May Push Photosynthesis Into Deep Water, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The announcement this week of a bacterium that appears to derive energy from light despite living in the inky depths of an ocean threatens to overthrow the dogma that photosynthesis depends on the sun. The microbe may also offer clues about life on early Earth--or on other planets.

      Not everyone is convinced yet that the bacterium, discovered in 2003, is a natural resident of the deep sea. But if true, it could be a crucial piece of the puzzle of how photo-synthesis evolved.

  12. War Of The Fire Ants, Nature News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    Do females fire ants belong to a different species than the males?
    Males pit their genes against females by chucking DNA out of eggs.

    In a bizarre war of the sexes, little fire ants have evolved a novel way to fight for their gender's genes, according to new research.

    The sperm of the male ant appears to be able to destroy the female DNA within a fertilized egg, giving birth to a male that is a clone of its father.

    1. Allometry Of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Many animals produce alarm signals when they detect a potential predator, but we still know little about the information contained in these signals. Using presentations of 15 species of live predators, we show that acoustic features of the mobbing calls of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) vary with the size of the predator. Companion playback experiments revealed that chickadees detect this information and that the intensity of mobbing behavior is related to the size and threat of the potential predator. (...)
    2. Bird Alarm Calls Size Up Predators, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A great horned owl may look like a more fearsome predator than a puny pygmy owl, but for small, agile birds such as chickadees, the maneuverable pygmy owl is probably the more lethal threat. Now, on page 1934, researchers report that black-capped chickadees have a sophisticated system of alarm calls that conveys information about the size of potential predators. The calls appear to help the chickadees mount a coordinated defense that is calibrated to the predatory threat.
    3. Electric Organ Discharge Patterns During Group Hunting By A Mormyrid Fish, Porc. Biol. Sc. Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Weakly electric fish emit and receive low-voltage electric organ discharges (EODs) for electrolocation and communication. Since the discovery of the electric sense, their behaviours in the wild have remained elusive owing to their nocturnal habits and the inaccessible environments in which they live. The transparency of Lake Malawi provided the first opportunity to simultaneously observe freely behaving mormyrid fish and record their EODs. (...) Video recordings yielded the novel and unexpected finding that these groups resembled hunting packs by being largely composed of the same individuals across days. (...)
  13. Evolutionary Biology: Island Of The Clones, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The discovery of an all-female population of damselflies in the Azores archipelago provides a novelty for entomologists. It also highlights the unique selection pressures faced by species that colonize islands.(...)

    This form of reproduction, in which females produce eggs that develop without fertilization by males, has been recorded in almost all insect groups. But until now it was not known to occur in any natural populations of damselflies or dragonflies (the Odonata).(...)

    Although more than 330 adult specimens of I. hastata were examined, none of them was male.

  14. Trouble Brews Over Contested Trend In Hurricanes, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Latest analysis suggests global warming will increase intensity of storms.

    The debate over whether global warming is making hurricanes worse has been nothing if not stormy.

    The issue came to a head in January, when leading US meteorologist Chris Landsea resigned from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, complaining that a colleague on the panel, Kevin Trenberth, had supported a link between warming and storms in a press conference. Now, just in time for the 2005 hurricane season, Trenberth has clarified his views in print (Science 308, 1753?1754; 2005).(...)

    1. How Does The Antarctic Ice Sheet Affect Sea Level Rise?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The greatest uncertainty in predictions of future sea level rise lies in the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet. To the first order, the annual snowfall on the ice sheet is balanced by loss to melting and iceberg calving. However, the equivalent of more than 5 mm of global sea level passes in and out of the ice sheet every year; therefore, even small imbalances between input and output will have a substantial impact on global sea level.
    2. Explaining The Motion Of Lotion In The Ocean, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:
      Path of least resistance. . A Teflon ball drags a bit during each wave's back-and-forth until it drifts to the wave crest (A). CREDIT: Falkovich et al., Nature435, 23 (2005)
      Floating junk tends to clump. The tendency for dead leaves, oil slicks, and trash to cluster in the ocean is obvious to anyone who's ever strolled along a dock, but researchers have had a difficult time explaining the complicated patterns such objects make on the water. Now they have part of the answer: An object's movement in the ocean depends on how it displaces water.
  15. Cleaning The Air And Improving Health With Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Converting all U.S. onroad vehicles to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) may improve air quality, health, and climate significantly, whether the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, wind electrolysis, or coal gasification. Most benefits would result from eliminating current vehicle exhaust. Wind and natural gas HFCVs offer the greatest potential health benefits and could save 3700 to 6400 U.S. lives annually. Wind HFCVs should benefit climate most. An all-HFCV fleet would hardly affect tropospheric water vapor concentrations. (...)
    1. Energy On Ice, Science News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Some say that worldwide there could be twice as much energy stored in hydrates as in all the other known energy resources combined, including coal, oil, and conventional natural gas deposits. (...)

      The catch is that hydrates are hard to harvest. They sit hundreds of meters below the permafrost in the northern latitudes and, in even greater abundance, in sediments beneath the ocean floor. What's more, the gas is locked in place under low temperatures and high pressures, which make this icy source of energy difficult to tap.

  16. Ultracold Atoms Turn A Cool Trick, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    Smoking gun. Array of vortices proves paired atoms form a superfluid. CREDIT: Andre Schirotzek/MIT
    In recent years, physicists have been racing to prove that ultracold atoms can pair up and flow like the freely flowing electrons in a superconductor. Now, subtle swirls in a cloud of atoms provide proof positive that researchers have reached that elusive goal.

    For more than a decade, physicists have used laser beams and magnetic fields to chill gases of atoms to within billionths of a degree of absolute zero, producing a variety of weird quantum effects. (...)

    1. Tiny Whirlpools Prove Atoms Flow Freely, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Most researchers would rather not poke holes in their own experiments, but a team of physicists is happy to have done just that. Stirring a cloud of ultracold atoms, the physicists produced an array of tiny whirlpools that pierced the cloud and proved that the atoms in it had formed a "superfluid," a strange quantum-mechanical soup that flows without any resistance and refuses to rotate. The observation confirms that atoms can join in pairs and behave much like the free-flowing electrons in a superconductor,(...)
    2. Researchers Create First Nanofluidic Transistor, The Basis Of Future Chemical Processors, Media Relations Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: University of California, Berkeley, researchers have invented a variation on the standard electronic transistor, creating the first "nanofluidic" transistor that allows them to control the movement of ions through sub-microscopic, water-filled channels.

      The researchers - a chemist and a mechanical engineer - predict that, just as the electronic transistor became the main component of microprocessors and integrated circuits, so will nanofluidic transistors anchor molecular processors, allowing microscopic chemical plants on a chip that operate without moving parts. No valves to get stuck, no pumps to blow, no mixers to get clogged.

  17. Granular Matter: A Tale Of Tails, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Granular materials such as sand can either be jammed and rigid, or yield and flow. Puzzling changes in the forces between the grains deepen the mystery surrounding this basic, but poorly understood, transition.

    Why does sand mimic a solid when we walk on it but emulate a fluid when it is in an hourglass? (...) These simple questions are without a clear answer, and have in recent years inspired investigations into what exactly happens when otherwise jammed granular media lose rigidity and yield.

  18. Dynamic Universe, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The first person to carry out a modern survey of the night sky, Fritz Zwicky's astronomical observations led to a new picture of a turbulent Universe that is punctuated by violent events.(...)

    His thinking was based on a personal philosophy which he called the 'morphological approach'. The idea is that you first make a complete list of all possible solutions to a problem, and then choose the least unlikely solution for further investigation. (...)

    Zwicky applied the morphological approach both to theoretical and practical problems; (...).

    • Source: Dynamic Universe, Freeman Dyson, DOI: 10.1038/4351033a, Nature 435, 1033, 05/06/23
    1. Hidden Worlds May Lurk In Stellar Dust, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: One or more large planets may shepherd a lopsided dusty ring that encircles the nearby star Fomalhaut, according to new images released today from the Hubble Space Telescope. The discovery gives astronomers a chance to find some of the closest young planets that may exist.

      At a distance of just 25 light-years, Fomalhaut is one of the brightest stars seen from Earth. Astronomers think the youthful, 200-million-year-old star is more than twice as massive as our sun.

      The one ring. One or more unseen planets have sculpted this striking belt of dust around the nearby star Fomalhaut, astronomers believe. CREDIT: NASA/ESA/P. Kalas et al., UC Berkeley

  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Terror Trial Winding Down In Spain, Science Daily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Spanish prosecutors Monday made their closing statements in the months-long trial of 24 suspected terrorists in Madrid.

      Prosecutor Pedro Rubira called for the court to hand down a guilty verdict to show the world that terrorists can be punished without "wars or detention centers."

    2. Terror And Civil Rights, Toronto Star Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Canada has had to detain few people as terror suspects since the 9/11 attacks. We have four Arab men in custody. They arrived here, were deemed inadmissible as terror suspects, and are being held on "national security certificates" as they fight deportation. A fifth is free until his case can be decided, but is tightly monitored. That is a small group.

      Even so, Canadians are increasingly troubled by this controversial business of holding people for years without putting them on trial.

    3. Italy Angry Over U.S. Tactics Used In Spy Investigation, The Argus/NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The extraordinary decision by an Italian judge to order the arrest of 13 people linked to the CIA in the case of the kidnapping of a terrorism suspect dramatizes a growing rift between American counterterrorism officials and their counterparts in Europe.

      The arrest warrants, requested by prosecutors and the police and signed Wednesday, accused the 13 of seizing an Egyptian cleric on a Milan street two years ago and flying him to Egypt for questioning.

  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Publications Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Making A Muscle: Engineered Fibers Grow In The Lab And In Mice, Science. Scientists have created slivers of muscle that produce their own network of blood vessels.
      2. Probing chemical signatures in an earthy way, Science News. Scientists have performed nuclear magnetic resonance analysis using Earth's magnetic field.
      3. Biofilm-producing bacteria could stabilize buildings, Science News. Bacteria that ooze a sticky matrix could help stabilize the soil beneath structures in earthquake-prone areas.
      4. Alcohol increases bacterium's virulence, Science News. Drinking alcohol can increase the ability of one type of bacteria to cause disease.
      5. Larger Islands House More Bacterial Taxa, Thomas Bell, Duane Ager, Ji-Inn Song, Jonathan A. Newman, Ian P. Thompson, Andrew K. Lilley, Christopher J. van der Gast, 05/06/24, Science: 1884
      6. Snowfall-Driven Growth in East Antarctic Ice Sheet Mitigates Recent Sea-Level Rise, Curt H. Davis, Yonghong Li, Joseph R. McConnell, Markus M. Frey, Edward Hanna, 05/06/24, Science : 1898-1901, DOI: 10.1126/science.1110662
      7. New University President Has Links to Paranormal Research, Lei Du, 05/06/24, Science : 1852
      8. Lab Bestows The Gold, Roger Snodgrass, Los Alamos, 05/06/28, Los Alamos National Laboratory awarded its highest honor to two exemplary scientists Monday.
      9. Apple Offers New Access to Podcasts, John Markoff, 05/06/29, NY Times. Apple Computer debuted a new version of its iTunes software designed for subscribing to podcasts, audio recordings that can be downloaded to an iPod for portable listening.
      10. Modellers Measure 'Word of Mouth' for Films, Mark Peplow, 2005/06/14, News@Nature, DOI: 10.1038/news050613-1
      11. A Good Game Of Golf -- Mind Over Matter, 2005/06/18, ScienceDaily & University of Alberta
      12. Disease Contact Tracing In Random And Clustered Networks, I. Z. Kiss, D. M. Green, R. R. Kao, 2005/06/21, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3092
      13. Higher-Level Mechanisms Detect Facial Symmetry, G. Rhodes, M. Peters, K. Lee, M. C. Morrone, D. Burr, 2005/06/21, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3093
      14. Scientists Ready To Implant Artificial Eye, 2005/06/22, Information Society Technologies News
      15. Newspaper Readers Start Relying On The Web, 2005/06/22, Information Society Technologies News
      16. Boy Hailed For Air Safety Gadget, 2005/06/24, Information Society Technologies News
      17. How Optimal Life History Changes With The Community Size-Spectrum, U. H. Thygesen, K. D. Farnsworth, K. H. Andersen, J. E. Beyer, 2005/06/24, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3094
      18. Electronic Connectivity Isn't All That Great, Warns Computer Guru At NJIT Talk, 2005/06/24, ScienceDaily & New Jersey Institute Of Technology
      19. Do Dragons Have Better Fate?, K.-F. Wong - kafuwongaecon.hku.hk, L. Yung - cwyung186acuhk.edu.hk, Jul. 2005, Economic Inquiry, DOI: 10.1093/ei/cbi048
      20. Models Of Cooperation Based On The Prisoner's Dilemma And The Snowdrift Game, M. Doebeli - doebeliazoology.ubc.ca, C. Hauert, Jul. 2005, online 01/06/05, Ecology Letters, DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00773.x
      21. On Media Concentration And The Diversity Question, R. B. Horwitz, Jul.-Aug. 2005, The Information Society, DOI: 10.1080/01972240490951908
      22. Contested Codes: The Social Construction Of Napster, D. Spitz, S. D. Hunter, Jul.-Aug. 2005, The Information Society, DOI: 10.1080/01972240490951890
      23. Living In Virtual Communities: An Ethnography Of Human Relationships In Cyberspace, D. Carter, Jun. 2005, Information, Communication & Society, DOI: 10.1080/13691180500146235
      24. Becoming Undisciplined: Toward The Supradisciplinary Study Of Security, J. M. Beier, S. L. Arnold, Mar. 2005, International Studies Review, DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-9488.2005.00457.x
    2. Webcast Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity 2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida, 05/06/09-11
      2. Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC, 05/05/16-19
      3. Changing Habitats...Vanishing Species , Harvard University Science Center, 04/11/12
      4. Symposium : Energy For The Future, Taipei, Taiwan, 05/04/08
      5. Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the 65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16
      6. World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 05/01/26-30
      7. 1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7
      8. Neurobiological Foundation For The Meaning Of Information, Kolkata, India, Conference Webcast, 04/11/22-25
      9. ALife 9: Ninth International Conference on Artificial Life, Boston, MA, 04/09/12-15
      10. The 4th Intl Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex System, Beijing, China, 04/07/22-23
      11. Intl Conf on Complex Networks: Structure, Function and Processes, Kolkata, India, 04/06/27-30
      12. From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela (1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
      13. ECC8 Experimental Chaos Conference, Florence, Italy, 04/06/14-17
      14. Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium, 04/05/26-28
      15. International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
      16. Life, a Nobel Story, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/28
      17. Nonlinear Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics Days, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/26-27
      18. Science Education Forum for Chinese Language Culture, Panel Discussion, Taipei, Taiwan, 04/05/01
      19. Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology, , Lausanne,Switzerland, 04/01/29-30
      20. Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H., Internet-First University Press, 1994
      21. CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
      22. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998
      23. Edge Videos

    3. Conference Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. 2005 World Exposition "Nature's Wisdom", Aichi, Japan, 05/03/25-09/25
      2. NKS Summer School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 05/06/20-07/08
      3. 6th Intl Summer School/Conference "Let's Face Chaos Through Nonlinear Dynamics"Dedicated to the 75th Birthday of Professor Siegfried Grossmann, Maribor, Slovenia, 05/06/26-07/10
      4. Arts and Science in the Information Society, Paris, 8-10 July 2005
      5. Computational Social and Organizational Science (NAACSOS 2005), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA, 05/06/26-28
      6. The Potential Impacts Of Systemics On Society, 49th Annual Meeting of the Intl Soc for the System Sciences, Cancun, Mexico, 05/07/01-05
      7. WOSC 13th International Congress Of Cybernetics And Systems, Maribor, Slovenia, 05/07/06-10
      8. Summer Graduate Workshop In Computational Social Science Modeling And Complexity, Santa Fe, NM, 05/07/10-23
      9. Sino-Japan Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Creativity Support System, Beijing, 05/07/11-13
      10. First Summer School on Aspects of Complexity, Bertinoro (Forlì), Italy, 05/07/18-28
      11. 4th International Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Economics and Finance (CIEF'2005), Salt Lake City, 05/07/21-26
      12. Epigenetic Robotics, Nara, Japan 05/07/22-24
      13. 5th Gathering on Biosemiotics, Urbino, Italy, 05/07/22-24
      14. Soc for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences 15th Annual Intl Conf, Denver, CO, USA, 05/08/04-06
      15. North American Computing and Philosophy conference, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 05/08/04-06
      16. 2005 Intl Conf on Natural Computation (ICNC'05), Intl Conf on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'05), Changsha, China, 05/08/27-29
      17. Summer School on Econophysics and Complexity, Romania, 05/09/02-09
      18. ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, Canterbury, Kent, UK, 05/09/05-09
      19. Complexity, Science and Society Conf 2005, Liverpool, UK, 05/09/11-14
      20. Dynamics Of Socio-Economic Systems: A Physics Perspective, Physics Center Bad Honnef, Germany, 05/09/18-24
      21. 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF 2005), Salamanca, Spain, 05/09/19-23
      22. Genomics in Context, University of Exeter, UK, 05/09/28-30
      23. CSDS-2005 Intl Conf on CONTROL AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS , Leon, Guanajuato, MEXICO, 05/10/04-07
      24. Traffic and Granular Flow", Berlin, Germany, 05/10/10-12
      25. Intl Congress of Nanotechnology 2005, San Francisco, USA, 05/10/31-11/04
      26. 5th Intl Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex System, Kobe, 05/11/14-17 (MCS'05 is also as a symposium of the 1st World Congress of International Federation for Systems Research)
      27. European Conference on Complex Systems, Paris, France, 05/11/14-18
      28. Econophysics Colloquium, Canberra (ANU), 05/11/14-18
      29. 3rd International Complexity Science and Educational Research Conference, Robert, Louisiana, 05/11/20-22, see also: Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, Inaugural issue - Free Online Access
      30. Systems Thinking and Complexity Science: Insights for Action, , 11th Ann ANZSYS Conf/Managing the Complex V Christchurch, New Zealand, 05/12/05-07
      31. 2005 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS'2005), Hong Kong, China, 05/12/15-19
      32. The Second International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology , Senri Life Science Center, Osaka, Japan, 06/01/26-27
      33. FRACTAL 2006 Complexity and Fractals in Nature, 9th Intl Multidisciplinary Conf, Vienna, Austria, 06/02/12-15

    4. Call for Papers Bookmark and Share

      1. IEEE Intelligent Systems, Special Issue on Self-Management through Self-Organization in Information Systems, , Submissions due 05/09/02

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