Evolutionary Biology: The Power Of Natural Selection, Nature 
Excerpts: Adaptation by natural selection is the centrepiece of biology. Yet evolutionary biologists may be deluding themselves if they think they have a good handle on the typical strength of selection in nature.
The one constant in our world is change, change often wrought by our own devices. In consequence, some of the populations and species with which we cohabit have difficulty persisting. Yet organisms should be able to adapt to changing environments, as they have done for billions of years, diversifying into a bewildering array of environments.
Ethiopia Is Top Choice For Cradle Of Homo Sapiens, Nature News
Excerpts:  This skull, called Omo II, is from the earliest known member of our species. ? Michael Day |
Radioactive dating finds that fossil skulls are 195,000 years old. Two Ethiopian fossils have been crowned as the oldest known members of our species. An estimated 195,000 years old, the pair were witness to the earliest days of Homo sapiens.
The discovery adds yet more weight to the argument that Africa, and Ethiopia in particular, was the birthplace of humans. The dating sits well with genetic analyses of modern populations, which suggest that H. sapiens first appeared in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Why Humans Evolved Extraordinary Intelligence, Evol. & Human Behav.
Excerpts: Human cognitive abilities are extraordinary. (...) The conditions favoring the evolution of human cognitive adaptations, however, remain an enigma. Hypotheses based on traditional ecological demands, such as hunting or climatic variability, have not provided satisfying explanations. (...) What was so special about the evolutionary environments of our ancestors that caused them, and them alone, to diverge in such astonishing ways (...)? Richard Alexander proposed a comprehensive integrated explanation. He argued that as our hominin ancestors became increasing able to master the traditional "hostile forces of nature," selective pressures resulting from competition among conspecifics became increasingly important, particularly in regard to social competencies. (...)
Perspectives for Strong Artificial Life, arXiv
Abstract: This text introduces the twin deadlocks of strong artificial life. Conceptualization of life is a deadlock both because of the existence of a continuum between the inert and the living, and because we only know one instance of life. Computationalism is a second deadlock since it remains a matter of faith. Nevertheless, artificial life realizations quickly progress and recent constructions embed an always growing set of the intuitive properties of life. This growing gap between theory and realizations should sooner or later crystallize in some kind of paradigm shift and then give clues to break the twin deadlocks.
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Excerpts:
 Circle of friends. ?A statistical analysis of social groups reveals a common structure shared by cultures around the world.
CREDIT: John Bohannon |
The sizes of your social circles may be hardwired into your brain. Anthropologists have long known that people from cultures the world over--from hunter-gatherers in the Amazon to pastoralists in Africa--share similar social patterns. For example, individuals tend to organize their relationships as a hierarchy of "rings": People in the innermost ring-- known as the support clique--are the ones that come to the rescue in times of crisis. The next ring out is the sympathy group, consisting of people with "special ties" who are seen less regularly.
Discrete Hierarchical Organization Of Social Group Sizes, Phil. Tran. Biol. Sc.
Excerpts: The 'social brain hypothesis' for the evolution of large brains in primates has led to evidence for the coevolution of neocortical size and social group sizes, suggesting that there is a cognitive constraint on group size that depends, in some way, on the volume of neural material available for processing and synthesizing information on social relationships. More recently, (...) has suggested that social groups are often hierarchically structured. We combine data on human grouping patterns in a comprehensive and systematic study. Using fractal analysis, we identify, with high statistical confidence, a discrete hierarchy of group sizes (...).
Experimental Domestication Of Foxes Yields Clues To Cognitive Evolution, ScienceDaily
Excerpts: New findings, made by researchers studying the outcome of a decades-long fox-breeding experiment, suggest that some aspects of social intelligence in animals are correlated with genetically selected "tame" behavior--for example, fearlessness and non-aggression toward humans. Understanding how intelligence evolved in humans and other animals remains one of the central evolutionary questions yet to be answered by behavioral scientists. Of particular interest is how social problem solving evolves; many believe it is our own social intelligence that differentiates us from all other species. (...)
Ready, Aim, Fire!, CIO.com
Excerpts: The most cost-effective way to dramatically improve your IT organization's implementation of a new system, app or upgrade is to make sure you fire the right person. Nothing boosts morale or heightens concentration quite like the public firing of an individual who everyone knows is a persistent obstacle to discipline, collaboration, quality and ethics during an implementation. That these individuals have been able to flourish in your organization is a reproof to all your posturing about IT excellence and professionalism.
Wikipedia's Growth Comes with Concerns, NPR WE
Excerpts: Wikipedia is a dynamic, online encyclopedia that allows users to create and edit their own entires. Volunteers then fact-check the entires to ensure accuracy. NPR's Laura Sydell reports that as Wikipedia has grown dramatically in popularity, some have begun to question its accuracy.
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Abstract: When distance learning becomes more and more popular, prodding the students into high and constant motivation has been an interesting research issue these years. In this paper, we introduce a Web-based learning system which provides a dynamic interaction environment for the students to share their information with each other. The system aims to make the distance learning program a fascinating game allowing students to get their scores and ranking interactively.
The Boss in the Machine, NY Times
Excerpts: There are unused icons on your desktop": this message sometimes appears in a balloon on the lower right-hand corner of my computer screen. (...) - the designers of the Windows XP operating system seem to think I should stop right now and clean up my desk. (...) According to the project director for something called the Attentional User Interface, the researchers believe they "can detect when users are available for communication, or when the user is in a state of flow."
World Views of Science, NPR TOTN
Excerpts: The Kyoto Protocol on climate change goes into effect this week. However, your view of that -- and other concepts in science and technology -- probably depends a good deal on where in the world you live.
- Source: World Views of Science, Leon Lederman, Melissa Pollak, Nick Allum, Sharon Friedman, NPR TOTN, 05/02/18
Young And Excitable: The Function Of New Neurons In The Adult Mammalian Brain, Current Opin. Neurobiol.
Abstract: Adult neurogenesis occurs in most species and is regulated by a wide variety of environmental and pharmacological challenges. The functional integration of neurons generated in the adult was first demonstrated in songbirds more than two decades ago. In the adult mammalian brain, neurons are continuously generated in two structures, the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus. Current evidence suggests that adult-born immature neurons have distinct electrophysiological properties from old neurons, and proposed roles in a variety of functions including olfaction, learning and mood regulation.
Concrete Spatial Language: See What I Mean?, Brain & Lang.
Excerpt: Conveying complex mental scenarios is at the heart of human language. Advances in cognitive linguistics suggest this is mediated by an ability to activate cognitive systems involved in non-linguistic processing of spatial information. In this fMRI-study, we compare sentences with a concrete spatial meaning to sentences with an abstract meaning. Using this contrast, we demonstrate that sentence meaning involving motion in a concrete topographical context, whether linked to animate or inanimate subjects nouns, yield more activation in a bilateral posterior network, (...).
- Source: Concrete Spatial Language: See What I Mean?, M. Wallentin - mikkel
pet.auh.dk, S. Østergaard, T. E. Lund, L. Østergaard, A. Roepstorff, DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2004.06.106, Brain and Language, Mar. 2005 - Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinyahoo.co.in
The Faculty of Language: What's Special About It?, Cognition
Excerpts: We examine the question of which aspects of language are uniquely human and uniquely linguistic in light of recent suggestions by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch that the only such aspect is syntactic recursion, the rest of language being either specific to humans but not to language (e.g. words and concepts) or not specific to humans (e.g. speech perception). We find the hypothesis problematic.(...) The hypothesis that language is a complex adaptation for communication which evolved piecemeal avoids all these problems.
Key To Intelligence Questioned, BBC News
Excerpts:  Cleverness and language might not be as closely connected as once thought |
This suggests mathematical reasoning can exist without language. The study undermines the assumption that language is the key quality that makes our thought processes more advanced than those of other animals. "We are kicking against the claim that it is language that allows you to do other high order intellectual functions,"
Study: Sleep Helps Birds Master Singing, Discovery News
Excerpts:  Picture(s): Courtesy of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Sleeping Finches
According to a new study, when zebra finches like these fall asleep, the brain circuits that govern their vocal learning are broken down. The bigger the breakdown, the better the birds are able to sing once they've had a chance to wake up and practice a little. |
Sleep helps young birds master the art of song, according to a study that analyzed and recorded every vocalization made by young male zebra finches through cycles of wakefulness and sleep. The study, (...), showed that just woken up zebra finches are dramatically worse singers than they were the day before. But surprisingly, after intense morning singing, the worst performers become the best singers of all.
Zebra finch males are active in the daytime, do not sing in darkness and develop their song during a critical window of "brain plasticity" between 30 and 90 days after hatching.
How Sleep Affects The Developmental Learning Of Bird Song, Nature
Excerpts: Sleep affects learning and development in humans and other animals, but the role of sleep in developmental learning has never been examined. Here we show the effects of night-sleep on song development in the zebra finch by recording and analysing the entire song ontogeny. During periods of rapid learning we observed a pronounced deterioration in song structure after night-sleep. The song regained structure after intense morning singing. Daily improvement in similarity to the tutored song occurred during the late phase of this morning recovery; little further improvement occurred thereafter.
Neurobiology: Bright Blue Times, Nature
Excerpts: The discovery of light-sensitive neurons that can adjust our body clocks prompted a search for their light-detecting molecule. We now know the identity of this pigment and that these cells do more than was thought. (...)
But evidence for another light-sensing system in the eye - separate from the rods and cones- began to accumulate in the 1990s. This came from researchers, studying the body clock (circadian rhythms), (...). But it also provides a measurement of environmental brightness at dawn and dusk, to align circadian time to environmental time.
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Excerpts:
 Gap In A Young Heart. An opening between the two upper chambers of the fetal heart permits blood to pass from one side to the other. The gap can cause problems if it doesn't close in early life. Cleveland Clinic Foundation |
A procedure's serendipitous success hints that some headaches start in the heart (...) The residual tunnel, called a patent foramen ovale (PFO), can act as a valve. It's normally shut but occasionally shunts blood that's headed to the lungs off to the brain (?).
Most of the millions of people who have a PFO are never screened for it because doctors rarely suspect it of causing health problems. (?) Air bubbles and dissolved chemicals can also slip through the one-way shunt rather than ride to the lungs, (?).
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Excerpts:
![]() Uh-oh. The brain's ACC region prompts us to be extra careful in tricky situations. CREDIT: Jupiter Images |
Now, researchers say they've identified the region of the brain that prompts us to be extra careful in tricky situations. ? The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)¡X(...)-- has long been known to help detect mistakes in action--such as hauling the wrong suitcase off an airport carousel. Now, using a combination of computational modeling and brain imaging studies, cognitive neuroscientists (...), have shown that the ACC can also predict--based on past experience-- how likely the person is to goof up on a given task.
A Geological History Of Reflecting Optics, Interface
Excerpts: Optical reflectors in animals are diverse and ancient. The first image-forming eye appeared around 543 million years ago. This introduced vision as a selection pressure in the evolution of animals, and consequently the evolution of adapted optical devices. (...) The aim of this article is to reveal the diversity of reflecting optics in nature, introducing the first appearance of some reflector types as they appear in the fossil record (...). This article also reveals the commercial potential for these optical devices, in terms of lessons from their nano-level designs and the possible emulation of their engineering processes--molecular self-assembly.
Hearing Repaired: Gene Therapy Restores Guinea Pigs' Hearing, Science News
Excerpts:  Now hear this. Guinea pigs like this one regrew auditory hair cells (inset) and regained their hearing after being deafened by drugs. M. Vloet; (inset) Raphael |
By flipping on a gene that's normally active only during embryonic development, researchers have restored hearing to a group of profoundly deaf guinea pigs. The finding may lead to treatments for millions of people with acquired hearing loss, the team says.
Like people, guinea pigs use auditory hair cells, found deep inside the inner ear, to detect sounds. When sound waves reach them, the cells' hairlike projections sway with the vibrations and transmit electrical signals to the brain's auditory center.
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Excerpts:
Heating up. A computer simulation of ocean warming (green) closely matches the observed warming (red) and is clearly different from background climate variations (blue).
CREDIT: T.P. Barnett
|
Climate researchers who worry that they may have overlooked something the first time around have retested the links between the burning of fossil fuels, greenhouse warming, and the warming of the deep oceans. With greater attention this time to uncertainties, they have come up with the same answer but with even greater confidence: Humans are indeed warming the world, right down to the depths of the sea.(...)
With a confidence of 95%, they calculated, human-produced greenhouse gases are behind real-world warming.
'Pack Ice' Suggests Frozen Sea On Mars, New Scientist
Excerpts: 
The fractured plate-like features on Mars range in size from 30 m to greater than 30 km (Image: ESA/DLR/F U Berlin/G Neukum)
|
A frozen sea, surviving as blocks of pack ice, may lie just beneath the surface of Mars, suggest observations from Europe's Mars Express spacecraft. The sea is just 5° north of the Martian equator and would be the first discovery of a large body of water beyond the planet's polar ice caps.
Images from the High Resolution Stereo Camera on Mars Express show raft-like ground structures - dubbed "plates" - that look similar to ice formations near Earth's poles, according to an international team of scientists.
Tiny Is Beautiful: Translating 'Nano' Into Practical, NY Times
Excerpts: Nanoparticles of various sorts are already found in products like sunscreen, paint and inkjet paper. More exotic varieties offer promise in medicine for sensitive diagnostic tests and novel treatments: (...), or nanoparticles that heat up and kill cancer cells.
Some nanoparticles are not even on the cutting edge.
Medieval artisans unknowingly became nanotechnologists when they made red stained glass by mixing gold chloride into molten glass. That created tiny gold spheres, which absorbed and reflected sunlight in a way that produces a rich ruby color.
Purdue Proves Concept Of Using Nano-Materials For Drug Discovery, Purdue Univ News Release
Excerpts: Researchers at Purdue University have built and demonstrated a prototype for a new class of miniature devices to study synthetic cell membranes in an effort to speed the discovery of new drugs for a variety of diseases, including cancer. The researchers created a chip about one centimeter square that holds thousands of tiny vessels sitting on top of a material that contains numerous pores. This "nanoporous" material makes it possible to carry out reactions inside the vessels.
Surface Chemistry: Oiled Acrobatics, Nature
Excerpts: The spectacle is driven by the action of surfactant molecules, which attach uniformly to the surface of glass substrates placed in solution, thereby creating a hydrophobic coating. But when the surfactants are next to a droplet, they move from the surface into the oil phase. The resulting local perturbation of the coating makes the surface less hydrophobic, and creates a gradient in the surface tension between the front and rear of the droplet that induces motion. (...) the droplets can be forced from random movement into regular back-and-forth motion.
Self-Running Droplet: Emergence of Regular Motion from Nonequilibrium Noise, Phys. Rev. Lett
Abstract:  The figures depict a self-running oil droplet. Drops of oil placed on glass and in a solution containing a surfactant are observed to move spontaneously, driven by a difference in surface tension between the front and back due to absorption of surfactant from the surface. Depending on the shape of the substrate, drops can execute various types of regular motion and can even climb up stairs. |
Spontaneous motion of an oil droplet driven by nonequilibrium chemical conditions is reported. It is shown that the droplet undergoes regular rhythmic motion under appropriately designed boundary conditions, whereas it exhibits random motion in an isotropic environment. This study is a novel manifestation on the direct energy transformation of chemical energy into regular spatial motion under isothermal conditions. A simple mathematical equation including noise reproduces the essential feature of the transition from irregularity into periodic regular motion. Our results will inspire the theoretical study on the mechanism of molecular motors in living matter, working under significant influence of thermal fluctuation
Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers, Science
Summary: In the 18 February 2004 issue of Science, Collins et al. report a new finding with implications for the development of better humanoid robots. By extending gravitationally propelled bipedal passive-dynamic walkers first developed in the 1990s, and adding simple powered actuators and controllers, the team has been able to fashion robots with improved energy efficiency compared with conventional walking robots, which commonly require large amounts of energy and complex control mechanisms. The products of the new study were also captured in action on a number of video clips, posted on Science Online.
Foundations of Swarm Intelligence: From Principles to Practice, arXiv
Excerpts: Swarm Intelligence (SI) is a relatively new paradigm being applied in a host of research settings to improve the management and control of large numbers of interacting entities such as communication, computer and sensor networks, satellite constellations and more. Attempts to take advantage of this paradigm and mimic the behavior of insect swarms however often lead to many different implementations of SI. (...) This article provides a set of general principles for SI research and development.
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Excerpts: There are some computer problems so hard that computer scientists consider them out of reach. They label them "intractable" and move on. (...)
Mostly their approach is to have the computer do what a human being might do: stop, go back and start over and try something different.
This explains why parallel cluster computers often can solve combinatorial problems more easily, Gomes notes. Each processor is trying a different path, and while some may be stuck on the heavy tails, sometimes one processor gets lucky.
Who Do You Trust More: G.I. Joe or A.I. Joe?, NY Times
Excerpts: Recent reports that the Pentagon is planning to spend tens of billions of dollars over the next decade to perfect computerized warfare sound like science fiction. In fact, the plan, Future Combat Systems, was first dreamed up years ago. Its designers envisioned a 21st-century fighting force of automated tanks, helicopters and planes, remote missile launchers and even troops of robot soldiers - all coordinated by a self-configuring network of satellites, sensors and supercomputers. A way to get the human out of the loop.
The White House Stages Its 'Daily Show', NY Times
Excerpts: The prayers of those hoping that real television news might take its cues from Jon Stewart were finally answered on Feb. 9, 2005. A real newsman borrowed a technique from fake news to deliver real news about fake news in prime time.
Let me explain.
On "Countdown," a nightly news hour on MSNBC, the anchor, Keith Olbermann, led off with a classic "Daily Show"-style bit: a rapid-fire montage of sharply edited video bites illustrating the apparent idiocy of those in Washington.
Government for Hire, NY Times
Excerpts: Unfortunately, debates about government policy and performance remain anchored in an outmoded left and right axis. The left argues that privatization equals government abdication, while the right believes the efficiency of the private sector is reason enough to undo government bureaucracy. Both sides miss the point.
The question is no longer whether a service should be delivered by a private or a public player. The federal government now spends about $100 billion more annually for outside contracts than it does on employee salaries.
Schwarzenegger vs. Gerrymander, NY Times
Excerpts: Governor Schwarzenegger and others are proposing that redistricting be taken out of the hands of the incumbents and given to an independent body, like a panel of impartial retired judges. Yet several states already use independent commissions, and the results are not encouraging.
A nonpartisan redistricting commission may make a few more legislative seats more competitive. And it certainly would have the salutary effect of changing the public perception that incumbents have a hand in rigging their own district lines.
Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks
CIA Links Terror Threat To Iraq, BBC News
Excerpts: Unrest in Iraq is providing Islamist militants with training and contacts that could be used in new attacks abroad, the head of the CIA has warned.
In his first public appearance as CIA director, Porter Goss said the conflict had become a "cause for extremists".(...)
One US terrorism expert said Mr Goss's remarks indicated he was not taking marching orders from the White House.
"Goss is very much listening to what his analysts are saying, and not necessarily to what the White House wants to hear," (...).
Insurgents Wage Precise Attacks on Baghdad Fuel, NY Times
Excerpts: Insurgent attacks to disrupt Baghdad's supplies of crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, water and electricity have reached a degree of coordination and sophistication not seen before, Iraqi and American officials say.
The new pattern, they say, shows that the insurgents have a deep understanding of the complex network of pipelines, power cables and reservoirs feeding Baghdad, the Iraqi capital.
(...)
The overall pattern of the sabotage and its technical savvy suggests the guidance of the very officials who tended to the nation's infrastructure during Saddam Hussein's long reign, (...).
Links & Snippets
Other Publications
- SLAC's New Lensless X-Ray Holography Technique Opens Door To Nanoscale World, Heather Rock Woods, 05/01,
 Courtesy Jan Luening (SSRL) and Michael Hyde (SLAC)
Lensless X-ray holography can reveal lightning-quick changes in nanometer-scale materials, such as minute magnetic variations in the cobalt-platinum film from which this holographic scattering pattern originates. |
Stanford Report - Age Of Ancient Humans Reassessed, 05/02/17,
 The original dating in 1967 found the fossils to be 130,000 years old |
BBC News, Two skulls originally found in 1967 are shown to be about 196,000 years old, making them the oldest modern human remains known to science. - Intel Unveils Laser Breakthrough, 05/02/17,
 The chip is the first to produce continuous laser light |
RRC News - Rejuvenation Of Aged Progenitor Cells By Exposure To A Young Systemic Environment, Irina?M.?Conboy, Michael?J.?Conboy, Amy?J.?Wagers, Eric?R.?Girma, Irving?L.?Weissman, Thomas?A.?Rando, 05/02/17, Nature 433, 760 - 764, DOI: 10.1038/nature03260
- When Camels Fly, Thomas L. Friedman, 05/02/20, NYTimes, What you are witnessing in the Arab world is the fall of its Berlin Wall. The old autocratic order is starting to crumble.
- Big Oil Steps Aside in Battle Over Arctic, Jeff Gerth, 05/02/21, NYTimes, Once allied, the Bush administration and the oil industry are now far apart on the issue of drilling for oil in a small part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska.
- Iraq, Then and Now, Bob Herbert, 05/02/21, NYTimes, Two years later the question remains: What was this war about?
- The State of Iraq: An Update, Adriana Lins De Albuquerque, Micahel O'hanlon, Amy Unikewicz, 05/02/21, NYTimes, Iraq is teeming with traffic, bazaars and political energy, but unemployment and crime remain high.
- U.S. Starts New Offensive Against Rebels, John F. Burns, 05/02/21, NYTimes, The Marine division that led the assault that retook Falluja, Iraq, from insurgents says it has now started an offensive in Ramadi.
- The Inhomogeneous Evolution of Subgraphs and Cycles in Complex Networks, Alexei Vazquez, Joao G. Oliveira, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, 2005/01/19, arXiv, DOI: cond-mat/0501399
- Are Scale-free Regulatory Networks Larger than Random Ones?, Miguel A. Fortuna, Carlos J. Melian, 2005/01/19, arXiv, DOI: q-bio.GN/0501027
- Cell Research Signals Cancer Hope, 2005/02/03, Univ. of Manchester, Press news
- Researchers Turn To Brainpower To Beat Dementia, 2005/02/05, Univ. of Manchester, Press news
- In a Paperless World a New Eole for Academic Libraries: Providing Open Access, Bosc, Helene, Harnad, Stevan, 2005/02/11, Cogprints
- Robustness and Network Evolution — An Entropic Principle, Lloyd Demetrius, Thomas Manke, 2005/02/15, Physica A 346(3-4):682-696, DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2004.07.011
- Distribution Of Unique Red Feather Pigments In Parrots, K. J. McGraw, M. C. Nogare, 2005/02/15, Biology Letters, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0269
- Transport System Smuggles Medicines Into Brain, 2005/02/16, ScienceDaily & Netherlands Organization For Scientific Research
- Abnormal Brain Activity During The Observation Of Others' Actions, 2005/02/18, ScienceDaily & Cell Press
- NYU Psychology Researchers Show How Attention Enhances Visual Perception, 2005/02/18, ScienceDaily & New York University
- Insect Hearing Helps Nanoscience, 2005/02/18, ScienceDaily & Bristol University
- The Effects Of Gender On Salary-At-Hire In The Academic Labor Market, P. Toumanoff - peter.toumanoffmarquette.edu, Apr. 2005, Economics of Education Review, DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.03.008
- The Impact Of Knowledge Management Technology On Intellectual Capital, K. J. O'Sullivan - kosullivnyit.edu, M. Stankosky - mstankogwu.edu, Dec. 2004, Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, DOI: 10.1142/S0219649204000924
- Classifications Of Credit Cardholder Behavior By Using Fuzzy Linear Programming, J. He - hejingamss.ac.cn, X. Liu - liuxiaotao11sina.com, Y. Shi - yshiunomaha.edu, W. Xu - wxumail.casipm.ac.cn, N. Yan - nyanmail.unomaha.edu, Dec. 2004, International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, DOI: 10.1142/S021962200400129X
- Wired On Hormones: Endocrine Regulation Of Hypothalamic Development, R. B Simerly - simerlyrohsu.edu, Feb. 2005, online 2005/01/26, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.013
- Development Of Circuits That Generate Simple Rhythmic Behaviors In Vertebrates, M. Goulding - gouldingsalk.edu, S. L Pfaff - pfaffsalk.edu, Feb. 2005, online 2005/01/26, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.017
- The Evolutionary Ecology Of Despotism, K. Summers - summerskmail.ecu.edu, Jan. 2005, online 2004/12/31, Evolution and Human Behavior, DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.09.001
- Algorithm For Exact Long Time Chaotic Series And Its Application To Cryptosystems, S. Kawamoto, T. Horiuchi, Oct. 2004, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, DOI: 10.1142/S021812740401148X
- Newton's Versus Halley's Method: A Dynamical Systems Approach, G. E. Roberts - grobertsradius.holycross.edu, J. H.-Kobelski, Oct. 2004, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, DOI: 10.1142/S0218127404011399
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