Complexity Digest 2003.14

07-Apr-2003

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Content

  1. Industry as an Organisation of Agents: Innovation and R&D Management, JASSS
  2. The Structure and Function of Complex Networks, arXiv
    1. Simulating Social Networks: A Review of Three Books, JASSS
    2. Subnetwork Hierarchies Of Biochemical Pathways, Bioinformatics
  3. Nonlinear Dynamics: Synchronization From Chaos, Nature
  4. Cooperation with Random Interactions and Without Memory or "Tags", JASSS
  5. Co-evolving Complex Robot Behavior, Proc. ICES2003
  6. New Lenses Create Distorted Images For Digital Enhancement, Science News
  7. I Want My TIA, Total Information Awareness Will Consign Google To The Stone Age, Wired
    1. How Antispam Software Works, 5 Killer Ways To Eradicate Junk Mail, Wired
    2. The Fight to Control Your Mind, Wired
    3. 65 and Just Itching for a Little Convergence, NYTimes
  8. Computers That 'Pay Attention' To Users; Reduce Interruptions From E-mail, Cell Phones, ScienceDaily
  9. Quantum Computers: Dream Code, The Economist
    1. Quantum Physics: Wheels Within Wheels, Nature
  10. The Behavioral Ecology Of A Cognitive Constraint: Limited Attention, Behav. Ecology
    1. Two Brain Systems Tell Us To Breathe, ScienceDaily
  11. Prostaglandins Are Important In Thermoregulation Of A Reptile, Alphagalileo & Boil. Letters
  12. A Bright Future for Biologists and Mathematicians?, Science
  13. Gene Therapy May Tackle Bowel Cancer, Health-News.co.uk
    1. Protein "Turns Breast Tumours Invasive", Health-News.co.uk
  14. Mystery Virus Slow To Yield Its Identity As Patient Numbers Rise, Nature
    1. A Second Suspect in the Global Mystery Outbreak, Science
  15. Ecological And Immunological Determinants Of Influenza Evolution, Nature
  16. High-Tech Fingers on Earth's Erratic Pulse, Science
    1. New Network Aims to Explore Hidden Perils, Science
  17. The Genes and Brains of Mice and Men, Am. J. Psychiatry
  18. The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War With Iraq, Independent Media Center
    1. Allies' Vital Supply Line Now Stretches Into Orbit, NYTimes
    2. Victims Describe 'Friendly Fire' Terror, BBC News
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. Undercutting the 9/11 Inquiry, NYTimes
    2. Protein Engineering Produces 'Molecular Switch'; Technique Could Lead To New Drug Delivery Systems, Biological Warfare Sensors, ScienceDaily
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Coming and Ongoing Webcasts
    3. Conference Announcements & Call for Papers
      1. Public Conference Calls
    4. ComDig Announcement: New ComDig Archive in Beta Test

  1. Industry as an Organisation of Agents: Innovation and R&D Management, JASSS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: We present a model of the dynamics of the industry for innovation and R&D [Research and Development] management. It is a novel view of the evolution of industry, both in theoretical and computational terms. Industries are seen as organisations of firms and consumers, and the aggregated behaviour is the consequence of the decisions taken by the individual firms. A multi-agent system [MAS] is designed and programmed to model the industry. The agents are the individual firms and the consumers are represented by the group demands for two products: a new and an old one. The strategic decisions of the firms are the patterns of investment in process and product innovation, and whether to stay or to leave the industry. Agents information and incentives in terms of assets returns are specified. Co-ordination is embedded into the model. We include in the model the relevant ideas from evolutionary economics in the product life cycle context. The model is used to explain and to reproduce the main observed facts in life cycle dynamics, in terms of the rise and fall of incumbent firms, concentration ratios, R&D expenditure and path-dependence in the evolution of the industry. Thus showing the utility of MAS in industrial evolutionary modeling and policy assessment.

  2. The Structure and Function of Complex Networks, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks.

    1. Simulating Social Networks: A Review of Three Books, JASSS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Watts's book is very interesting as it demonstrates in several empirical data sets (the neural network of C. Elegans, the power grid of the Western States) the signature of a power law in the distribution for the degrees of nodes. The book also proposes several algorithms to reproduce the so-called "Small Worlds" graphs. (...) This systematic retesting of pre-existing data on networks recalls what happened after Zipf's work on the power law or Mandelbrot's development of fractals. In addition, simple explanations of such a widespread property were lacking. I think it was at this stage (...) that the physicist Albert-Lázló Barabási started to work on networks. First of all, while verifying the effectiveness of such a power law on several data sets - the World Wide Web, metabolic networks, scientific collaboration networks, and food webs in ecology - he then proposes models for what seems to be a universal law of organisation based on the notion of preferential attachment. Many subsequent works (...) have been based on the study of these complex networks in different areas and applied or extended Barabási's insights. According to Barabási and Buchanan, we are actually facing a paradigm shift (Kuhn 1962) in all fields of science.

    2. Subnetwork Hierarchies Of Biochemical Pathways, Bioinformatics Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: The vastness and complexity of the biochemical networks that have been mapped out by modern genomics calls for decomposition into subnetworks. We present a method to decompose biochemical networks into subnetworks based on the global geometry of the network. This method enables us to analyze the full hierarchical organization of biochemical networks and is applied to 43 organisms from the WIT database. Two types of biochemical networks are considered: metabolic networks and whole-cellular networks (also including for example information processes). The general picture (...) is that of a few core-clusters centred around the most highly connected substances enclosed by other substances in outer shells(...).

  3. Nonlinear Dynamics: Synchronization From Chaos, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: This is the problem that Wei, Zhan and Lai1 have tackled. They have come up with a novel way of reducing the necessary coupling in an array by using wavelet decomposition of the matrix of coupling coefficients. (...) Wei et al. make a small change to the low-frequency components in the wavelet-transformed matrix, before applying an inverse transform to obtain a modified coupling matrix. This turns out to be an efficient strategy for achieving synchronization at much lower coupling strengths.

  4. Cooperation with Random Interactions and Without Memory or "Tags", JASSS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The self-organization into cooperative regimes of a system of "selfish" agents playing the pairwise Prisoner's Dilemma game (PDG) is analyzed using a simple agent-based model. At each time step t, the agents divide into those who cooperate (C) and those who defect (D). The agents have no memory and use strategies not based on direct reciprocity nor 'tags'. Only one dynamical variable is assigned to each agent, namely his income at time t, δ C(t), obtained by playing the PDG with a partner chosen at random. A simple adapting strategy for the behavior of the agents (C or D) is shown to give rise, for a wide variety of PD payoff matrices, to a cooperative regime resistant to 'always D' strategy.

  5. Co-evolving Complex Robot Behavior, Proc. ICES2003 Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Reports on evolutionary robotics systems have so far been on evolving controllers that make simple robots do simple tasks in simple environments. In this paper we try to stress the evolutionary robotics approach by evolving a controller for a more complex task, namely Khepera robot soccer, and evaluate evolved controller performance against handcoded controllers. We present a system that uses competitive co-evolution to develop robot controllers for the task. The system is described (...). Co-evolution is tested against single-population and it is concluded that co-evolution has the ability to produce more robust individuals with respect to opponent strategies.

  6. New Lenses Create Distorted Images For Digital Enhancement, Science News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: With a new generation of optics, engineers are recasting visual scenes for computers' consumption. To the human eye, these pictures are visual gibberish, hardly worth a single word, let alone a thousand. To computers, such data can be worth more words than you'd care to count. Central to it all are new styles of lenses. Instead of the familiar concave and convex disks, optical engineers are making oddly shaped, radically different lenses tailored to the strengths of computers. (...) "There's no reason to go ahead and form an image," (...)

  7. I Want My TIA, Total Information Awareness Will Consign Google To The Stone Age, Wired Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Tracking terrorists is just a pretext for getting the best computer scientists at Darpa to create what we all really want: a general-purpose IQ expansion pack capable of plowing through the built-in barriers of central nervous system-based software. It will show us whole new ways to look at what we're up against - whether it's bin Laden, a demanding boss, (...). For a paltry $200 million a year - the cost of a B-1 bomber - we finally get a national technology initiative worth pursuing.

    1. How Antispam Software Works, 5 Killer Ways To Eradicate Junk Mail, Wired Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: If it seems like you're getting more spam than ever, take comfort - the junk email tide may be about to turn. Until recently, antispam forces thought there was no way to catch enough unwanted mail to make a difference. As quickly as programmers added filters, spammers came up with new ways to spell v!agra, $ex, and f*ck. But now a raft of smarter filtering techniques - from rules-based analysis to artificial intelligence - promises to better shield your inbox. Here's how the most effective software works.

    2. The Fight to Control Your Mind, Wired Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Should the government have the right to alter the biochemistry of your brain? Richard Glen Boire, codirector and legal counsel of the Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics, says no, and he's making his case before the Supreme Court...

    3. 65 and Just Itching for a Little Convergence, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Nobuyuki Idei the chairman of Sony, is an undaunted preacher for convergence in music, movies, games and communications in all forms. (...) Sony's singular advantage over other media behemoths is that it makes the TV's, personal computers, game consoles and mobile phones that deliver the content Sony controls. But inside Sony, there remains the major challenge of balancing the divergent aims of the content divisions, which are fighting to protect their song and movie copyrights, and the gadget makers (...), who are creating products that will allow consumers to swap content.

  8. Computers That 'Pay Attention' To Users; Reduce Interruptions From E-mail, Cell Phones, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: With increasing numbers of digital devices vying for our attention and time today, researchers (...) have developed a new concept that allows computers to pay attention to their users' needs. Their Attentive User Interface is a new paradigm for interacting with groups of computers that moves beyond the traditional desktop interface. Current computers are generally designed to act in isolation, without considering what the user is doing (...) devices that determine the level of user attention and the importance of each message relative to what the user is doing. Then the computer decides whether to "take a turn" to deliver the message.

  9. Quantum Computers: Dream Code, The Economist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Object-oriented programming works by combining both commands and data into individual bundles known as objects. These objects can be used to bridge the gap between the classical and quantum worlds. (...) any successful language will have to be able to handle registers and operators in ways that allow them to be integrated with old-fashioned classical computations. Representing a unitary transformation as an object makes it fairly simple to translate programming directives at the classical level into physical control instructions at the quantum level. Dr Bettelli's language should do this.

    1. Quantum Physics: Wheels Within Wheels, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Quasi-particles, an ingenious dodge used to simplify calculations on vast systems of interacting particles, seem to account for the fractional quantum Hall effect. But do we now need a further generation of quasi-particles? (...) The recurring pattern of transforming fractional into integer quantum Hall states also bears on the geometrical properties of the Hall curve itself. As pointed out some time ago, the curve shows self-similarity, as it unfolds like a fractal, ever more detail being added as sample quality improves Editor's Note: The quantum Hall effect is seen as one route for knot based quantum computation.

  10. The Behavioral Ecology Of A Cognitive Constraint: Limited Attention, Behav. Ecology Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Limited attention may constrain animal behavior in situations in which the rate of relevant information exceeds the threshold processing capacity of the brain. In the present study, we examine why attention is limited by quantifying how attention affects the ubiquitous problem of balancing foraging and antipredator activity. We analyze how a given attentional capacity affects feeding requirements, the optimal attentional focus during predator scanning, and the probability of detecting predators. Our model indicates that because of the complex interplay between the costs and benefits associated with a given attentional capacity, limited attention can be an optimal strategy (...).

    1. Two Brain Systems Tell Us To Breathe, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Until now, scientists believed that a single area in the brain generated breathing rhythm, enabling breathing to speed up or slow down to adapt to the body's activity and position. (...) discovered that two systems in the brain interact to generate breathing rhythm - a finding that may translate into better treatment for sleep apnea and sudden infant death syndrome. "But our research indicates that two cellular networks closely collaborate to control breathing. This brings us an important step closer to understanding how breathing control is organized in the brain. Breathing is a good model for understanding brain function in general."

  11. Prostaglandins Are Important In Thermoregulation Of A Reptile, Alphagalileo & Boil. Letters Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: A lizard sitting in the sun to warm itself is a common sight all around the world. What is less obvious, however, is that despite its look of inactivity, the animal is very active on the inside; it is changing its heart beat and blood flow to regulate how fast it is heating, or cooling when in the shade. In this research, we have discovered that prostaglandins, a widespread group of substances that are known to mediate inflammatory responses and fever in humans for example, are also important for lizards to modify their heart beat and thereby allow control of body temperature.

  12. A Bright Future for Biologists and Mathematicians?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: In the cell, chemical energy in the form of ATP is converted into mechanical work by molecular motors--molecules that govern movement in living systems. The dynamics of these movements within the cell depend on stochastic forces that lead to discrete conformations of the motors, enabling them to operate like molecular ratchets. (...) Computational approaches make it possible to attack problems that are much more complex than the mere mechanics of single motors and to generate "virtual" structures that can be compared to real data from time-lapse microscopy.

  13. Gene Therapy May Tackle Bowel Cancer, Health-News.co.uk Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Bowel cancer is the second biggest cancer killer, according to Cancer Research UK.(...) In studies, Cancer Research UK scientists based at the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research in Manchester used genetic engineering to help patient's white blood cells recognise and destroy tumours. Taking blood samples from 10 patients with advanced bowel cancer, the scientists isolated a type of white blood cell that is responsible for finding alien cells and attacking them. They then engineered the cells with an artificial gene so they could recognise bowel cancer cells.

    1. Protein "Turns Breast Tumours Invasive", Health-News.co.uk Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Israeli researchers have shown that a specific protein prompts breast cancer cells to invade other tissues and acquire the properties characteristic of metastatic tumour cells.The protein, known as lysyl-oxidase-related protein 1 (LOR-1), causes tumours to spread and induces the deposition of large amounts of collagen fibres, which is characteristic of deadly breast cancers. The team believes that their discovery could lead to the development of drugs that block or inhibit LOR-1 and prevent the spread of cancer.

  14. Mystery Virus Slow To Yield Its Identity As Patient Numbers Rise, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: (...) researchers at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, reported that the SARS pathogen might be a new member of the coronavirus family, which includes viruses that cause some common colds and respiratory infections. Particles found in the tissues of some SARS patients had a similar structure and genetic sequence to known coronaviruses. This followed suggestions last week that the pathogen responsible might be a previously unknown member of the Paramyxoviridae family, which includes the agents that cause measles and mumps.

    1. A Second Suspect in the Global Mystery Outbreak, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: As a new respiratory disease that originated in Southeast Asia spread this week and raised alarms, especially in Hong Kong, the global hunt for the mysterious pathogen behind the outbreak took an unexpected turn. Just as evidence seemed to point to a paramyxovirus, researchers have fingered a candidate from a very different virus family, the coronaviruses. WHO officials kept all options open (...), including the two-agent scenario and the possibility that something entirely different is to blame.

  15. Ecological And Immunological Determinants Of Influenza Evolution, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: In pandemic and epidemic forms, influenza causes substantial, sometimes catastrophic, morbidity and mortality. Intense selection from the host immune system drives antigenic change in influenza A and B, resulting in continuous replacement of circulating strains with new variants able to re-infect hosts immune to earlier types. This 'antigenic drift' often requires a new vaccine to be formulated before each annual epidemic. (...) Here we explore ecological and immunological factors underlying these patterns using a mathematical model capturing both realistic epidemiological dynamics and viral evolution at the sequence level.

  16. High-Tech Fingers on Earth's Erratic Pulse, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Volcanologists are throwing new sensors and instruments at a problem of immense societal importance: predicting when a volcano near an inhabited area may erupt. The results are encouraging but far from consistent (...) Using instruments ranging from satellite-borne radars to strainmeters buried in boreholes, researchers can now track magma from the time it first rises and pools in the upper crust, pushes on into the volcano, and then, sometimes with deadly consequences, breaks through the surface. A major concern, however, is that "most volcanoes are not well monitored

    1. New Network Aims to Explore Hidden Perils, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: After 2 decades of intriguing but inconclusive findings, a disparate group of scientists from 20 institutions and counting has banded together to study the risks of living close enough to an active volcano to breathe its fumes. The International Volcanic Health Hazard Network, (...), will foster collaborations and equip researchers with data about chronic health risks, information that can be disseminated to governments, volcano observatories, and emergency managers. "Observatories are faced with questions on health effects all the time, and it's important to have a resource to turn to," (...).

  17. The Genes and Brains of Mice and Men, Am. J. Psychiatry Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The elucidation of the human genome presents a challenge for psychiatry-determining the impact of thousands of genes on brain functions relevant to mental disorders. (...) Essential to the effective use of these technologies is the implementation of sound strategies for discerning the impact of genetic manipulations on mouse behaviors relevant to psychiatric conditions. (...) However, advances in implementing and interpreting behavioral assays have not kept pace with molecular genetic technologies. To maximize the extent to which the revolution in mammalian genetics may be effectively applied to psychiatric research, new technologies and strategies for mouse behavioral assessment must be developed.

  18. The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War With Iraq, Independent Media Center Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Summary: Although completely suppressed by the U.S. media and government, the answer to the Iraq enigma is simple yet shocking -- it is an oil currency war. The real reason for this upcoming war is this administration's goal of preventing further Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) momentum towards the euro as an oil transaction currency standard. However, in order to pre-empt OPEC, they need to gain geo-strategic control of Iraq along with its 2nd largest proven oil reserves. This essay will discuss the macroeconomics of the `petro-dollar' and the unpublicized but real threat to U.S. economic hegemony from the euro as an alternative oil transaction currency. The author advocates reform of the global monetary system including a dollar/euro currency `trading band' with reserve status parity, and a dual OPEC oil transaction standard. These reforms could potentially reduce future oil currency warfare. Contributing Editor's Note: My impression is that the rise of the Euro may be a consequence of the war but that to think the US would mount a war for such a good reason gives its government too much credit in understanding implications of currency flows (note: there is no foreign currency expert anywhere near the top echelons of govt). Instead the reasons for the war are doctrine as published in 1992....America must dominate the rest of the world. The Cominterm of Soviet days arises again on the other side of the outmoded Cold War. (See attached article on National Defense Strategy Draft produced under the chairmanship of Rumsfeld.)

    1. Allies' Vital Supply Line Now Stretches Into Orbit, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Such satellites, in addition to linking troops and commanders, are performing new missions like relaying signals between ground controllers and Predator pilotless drones, military experts said. In Iraq, military commanders are using Predators to scout ahead. (...) satellites of the military's Global Positioning System have nurtured a revolution in exact bombing. Each of the system's 24 satellites constantly beams radio signals to the earth. Receivers on the ground then compare the signals coming in from three or four different satellites to calculate their position with great precision, usually within yards.

    2. Victims Describe 'Friendly Fire' Terror, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: They said the US pilot apparently failed to recognize that their tanks were a British make, with special coalition identification aids and even a large Union flag on another machine in the five-vehicle convoy. (...) "All this kit has been provided by the Americans. They've said if you put this kit on you won't get shot. "We can identify a friendly vehicle from 1,500 metres [4,921 ft]. "You've got an A-10 with advanced technology and he can't use a thermal sight to identify whether a tank is a friend or foe.

  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Undercutting the 9/11 Inquiry, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The committee's mandate includes scrutiny of intelligence failures and eight other government areas.(...) As things now stand, $3 million budgeted as start-up funding could run out summer. An estimated $14 million is needed for the task of finding out precisely how the attackers were able to pull off their plot in which nearly 3,000 people died. (...) By comparison, the inquiry into the shuttle disaster's loss of seven lives may cost an estimated $40 million, and the inquiry into the Whitewater controversy ate up more than $30 million.

    2. Protein Engineering Produces 'Molecular Switch'; Technique Could Lead To New Drug Delivery Systems, Biological Warfare Sensors, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Using a lab technique called domain insertion, Johns Hopkins researchers have joined two proteins in a way that creates a molecular "switch." The result, the researchers say, is a microscopic protein partnership in which one member controls the activity of the other. Similarly coupled proteins may someday be used to produce specialized molecules that deliver lethal drugs only to cancerous cells. They also might be used to set off a warning signal when biological warfare agents are present. (...) find two fusion proteins (...) in which the presence of maltose actually caused the beta-lactamase partner to step up its attack on an antibiotic.

  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Publications Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Will the Genomics Revolution Revolutionize Psychiatry?, Kathleen Ries Merikangas, Neil Risch, Am. J. Psychiatry 2003 April 1; 160(4): p. 625-635
      2. The Double Helix 50 Years Later: Implications for Psychiatry, James Watson, Am. J. Psychiatry 2003 April 1; 160(4): p. 614
      3. From a Hurricane's Eye, Skydiving Sensors Yield Answers, Anne Eisenberg, NYTimes, 03/04/03, Researchers can now measure in detail the wind's speed at different altitudes at times when there are high winds near the ocean's surface.
      4. Dinosaur Cannibal Unearthed In Madagascar, NSF PR 03-36 - April 2, 2003
      5. Neuron Recognition By Parallel Potts Segmentation, S. Peng, B. Urbanc, L. Cruz, B. T. Hyman, and H. E. Stanley, PNAS 2003;100 3847-3852
      6. Why The Kidney Glomerulus Does Not Clog: A Gel Permeation/Diffusion Hypothesis Of Renal Function, Oliver Smithies, PNAS 2003;100 4108-4113
      7. A Model Of The Glycine Receptor Deduced From Brownian Dynamics Studies, Megan O'Mara, Peter H. Barry, and Shin-Ho Chung, PNAS 2003;100 4310-4315
      8. The History Of Effective Population Size And Genetic Diversity In The Yellowstone Grizzly (Ursus Arctos): Implications For Conservation, Craig R. Miller and Lisette P. Waits, PNAS 2003;100 4334-4339
      9. Science Protecting and Protected, Elena O. Nightingale, Science 299: 1986-1987
      10. Making Sense of Dreaming, G. William Domhoff, Science 299: 1987-1988
      11. The Price Of Collecting Life, Gideon F. Smith, Yolande Steenkamp, Ronell R. Klopper, Stefan J. Siebert, Trevor H. Arnold, Nature 422, 375 - 376 (2003); doi:10.1038/422375a
      12. Digital Analysis: Manual Dexterity In Neanderthals, Wesley A. Niewoehner, Aaron Bergstrom, Derrick Eichele, Melissa Zuroff, Jeffrey T. Clark, Nature 422, 395 (2003); doi:10.1038/422395a
      13. Hidden Complexity In The Mechanical Properties Of Titin, Philip M. Williams, Susan B. Fowler, Robert B. Best, Jose Luis Toca-Herrera, Kathryn A. Scott, Annette Steward & Jane Clarke, Nature 422, 446 (2003);Doi:10.1038/Nature01517
      14. Pyogenic Bacterial Infections in Humans with IRAK-4 Deficiency, Picard, C, Puel, A, Bonnet, M, Ku, C-L, Bustamante, J, Yang, K, Soudais, C, Dupuis, S, Feinberg, J, F, C, Elbim, C, Hitchcock, R, Lammas, D, Davies, G, Al-G, Abdulaziz, Al-R, Hassan, Al-J, Sulaiman, Al-H, Sami, A, Ibrahim Z, Frayha, HH., Rucker, R Hawn, T R., Aderem, A Tufenkeji, H, Haraguchi, S, Day, NK., Good, RA., G, M, O, Adrian, C, J, Science 2003 299: 2076-2079, These findings suggest that, in humans, the TIR-IRAK signaling pathway is crucial for protective immunity against specific bacteria but is redundant against most other microorganisms.
      15. Pub Med Central , U.S. National Library of Medicine
        1. Fourier And Fractal Analysis Of Maxillary Alveolar Ridge Repair Using Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) And Inorganic Bovine Bone, Wojtowicz A, Chaberek S, Kryst L, Urbanowska E, Ciechowicz K, Ostrowski K., Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 Feb;32(1):84-6. PMID: 12653239
        2. Hidden Complexity In The Mechanical Properties Of Titin, Williams PM, Fowler SB, Best RB, Luis Toca-Herrera J, Scott KA, Steward A, Clarke J., Nature. 2003 Mar 27;422(6930):446-9, PMID: 12660787
        3. Inbreeding And The Genetic Complexity Of Human Hypertension, Rudan I, Smolej-Narancic N, Campbell H, Carothers A, Wright A, Janicijevic B, Rudan P., Genetics. 2003 Mar;163(3):1011-21, PMID: 12663539
        4. Anthropic Agency: A Multiagent System For Physiological Processes, Amigoni F, Dini M, Gatti N, Somalvico M.,Artif Intell Med. 2003 Mar;27(3):305-34, PMID: 12667741
        5. Does Mental Simulation Of Following A Path Improve Navigation Performance Without Vision?, Vieilledent S, Kosslyn SM, Berthoz A, Giraudo MD., Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2003 Apr;16(2):238-49, PMID: 12668233
        6. Management Of Arrhythmias In Heart Failure, Ellison KE, Stevenson WG, Sweeney MO, Epstein LM, Maisel WH., Congest Heart Fail. 2003 Mar-Apr;9(2):91-9, PMID: 12671340
        7. Nonlinear Analysis Of The Development Of Sitting Postural Control, Harbourne RT, Stergiou N., Dev Psychobiol. 2003 May;42(4):368-77., PMID: 12672087
      16. Agent-Based Verification of von Thünen's Location Theory, Yuya Sasaki, Paul Box, 2003-03-31, JASSS vol. 6, no. 2
      17. Formal Models, Social Theory and Computer Simulations: Some Methodical Reflections, Jürgen Klüver, Christina Stoica, Jörn Schmidt, 2003-03-31, JASSS vol. 6, no. 2
      18. Models for Generation 1/f Noise, B. Kaulakys, T. Meskauskas, 2003-03-28, arXiv
      19. The Urban Economy as a Scale-free Network, Claes Andersson, Alexander Hellervik· Kristian Lindgren, Anders Hagson, Jonas Tornberg, 2003-03-31, arXiv
      20. Fitting the Power-law Distribution to the Mexican Stock Market Index Data, H.F. Coronel-Brizio, C.R. de la Cruz-Laso, A.R. Hernandez-Montoya, 2003-03-27, arXiv
      21. Self-referential Behaviour, Overreaction and Conventions in Financial Markets, Matthieu Wyart, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, 2003-03-27, arXiv
      22. A Context-Free Data Compression Approach To Measuring Information Transmission By Action Potentials, A. S. French, U. Höger, S. Sekizawa & P. H. Torkkeli, Biosystems, Vol. 69, Issue 1, pp:55-61, Apr. 2003, doi:10.1016/S0303-2647(02)00162-4 (The specification of SBML Level 1 is freely available.)
      23. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML): A Medium For Representation And Exchange Of Biochemical Network Models, Cornish B. A. , Hunter P.J., Cuellar A. A., Mjolsness E.D., Juty N.S., Dronov S., Takahashi K., Nakayama Y., Gilles E.D., Kasberger J.L., Nelson M.R., Tomita M., Kremling A., Ginkel M., Wagner J., Kummer U., Nielsen P.F., Gor V., Wang J., Sakurada T., Goryanin I.I., Le Novère N., Schaff J.C., Loew L.M., Hedley W.J., Lucio D., Hodgman T.C., Shapiro B.E., Mendes P., Hofmeyr J.-H., Shimizu T.S., Minch E., Spence H.D., Stelling J., Hucka M., Finney A., Sauro H.M., Bolouri H., Doyle J.C., Kitano H., Arkin A.P., Bornstein B.J. &  Bray D., Bioinformatics, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp:524-531(8), Mar. 2003
      24. Electro magnetic Signatures As A Tool For Connectionless Test, M. Salamati & D. Stranneby, IEEE Design & Test of Computers, Mar.-Apr. 2003
      25. African Wild Dogs Test The Survivial Of The Fittest Paradigm, A. Pole, I. J. Gordon & M. L. Gorman, Alphagalileo & Biol. Letters, 2003/03/31
      26. The Coward Of The Coral Reef, S. Blackford, Alphagalileo, 2003/04/01
      27. Cl imate Change Linked To Migratory Bird Decrease, ScienceDaily, 2003/03/26
      28. New Study Shows Drivers Using Cell Phones Twice As Likely To Cause Rear-end Collisions, ScienceDaily, 2003/03/27
      29. Vegetation Essential To Balancing Climate Models; Climate Change 6,000 Years Ago In Sahara Desert Explained By MIT Scientists, ScienceDaily, 2003/04/01
      30. Internet Rising As Preferred Traffic Info Source, ScienceDaily, 2003/04/03

       


    2. Coming and Ongoing Webcasts Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Autonomous Agents, Stuart Kauffman, FRIAM Group sponsored Applied Complexity Lecture Series at the Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 03/03/13
      2. New Trends In Industrial Partnership And Innovation Management At European Research Laboratories, CERN, Geneva, 03/03/19 (with webcast)
        1. CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
      3. "New Frontiers of Neuroscience" Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, 03/03/07
      4. Television & Children's Media Policy: Where Do We Go From Here?, Washinghton, DC, 03/02/28, c-span, (clip12657), 1:35
      5. INSC 2003, International Nonlinear Sciences Conference, Vienna, Austria, 03/02/07-09
      6. World Economic Forum Meeting "Building Trust", Davos, Switzerland, 03/01/23-28
      7. 2002 Financial Management Conference, 02/10/16-19
      8. Artificial Life Conference (A-Life 8), Sydney, Australia, 02/12/09-13
      9. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998

       


    3. Conference Announcements & Call for Papers Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Design and Product Complexity Meeting, Open Univ, Milton Keynes, UK, 03/04/07
      2. Explorations of Complexity - A Science of Qualities: A Conversation with Brian Goodwin, Open Univ, Milton Keynes, UK, 03/04/07
      3. Uncertainty and Surprise: Questions on Working with the Unexpected, U. of Texas at Austin, Texas, 03/04/10-12
      4. 7th Annual Swarm Researchers and Users Meeting (SwarmFest2003), Notre Dame, IN, 03/04/13-14
      5. Agent-Based Simulation 4, Montpellier, France, 03/04/28-30
      6. 2003 O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference, Santa Clara, CA, 03/04/22-25
      7. Managing Complex Organizations in a Complex World, Cambridge, MA, 03/05/01-02
      8. NAS Sackler Colloquium on Mapping Knowledge Domains, The Beckman Center, Irvine, CA, 03/05/09-11
      9. The Opening of Systems Theory, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, DK, 03/05/23-25
      10. SPIE's 1st Intl Symp on Fluctuations and Noise, Santa Fe, NM, 03/06/01-04
      11. 21st ICDE World Conf on Open Learning and Distance Education, Hong Kong, 03/06/01-05
      12. Summer School on Nonlinear Phenomena In Computational Chemical Physics, Barcelona, Spain, 03/06/09-14
      13. 17th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2003), San Diego, California, 03/06/10-13
      14. One-Week Intensive Course: Complex Physical, Biological and Social Systems, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 03/06/16-20
      15. 2003 Summer Computer Simulation Conference (SCSC '03), Montreal, Canada, 03/06/20-24
      16. 5th Intl Conf "Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics", Kiev, Ukraine, 03/06/23-29, Mirror
      17. Workshops of Dynamical Systems with Applications to Biology, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 03/06/24-28
      18. 47th Meeting of the Intl Soc for the System Sciences: Conscious Evolution Of Humanity: Using Systems Thinking To Construct Agoras Of The Global Village, Iraklion, Crete, Greec, 03/07/07-11
      19. 9th International Conference on Auditory Display, Boston, MA, 03/07/07-09, Wkshp on Assistive Technologies for the Blind, 03/07/06
      20. 2003 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2003), Chicago, IL,03/07/12-16
      21. 2nd Intl Joint Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS-2003), Melbourne, Australia, 03/07/14-18
      22. 7th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2003), Orlando, Florida, 03/07/27-30
      23. Intl Conf on Socio Political Informatics and Cybernetics: SPIC '03, Orlando, Fl, USA, 03/07/31-08/02
      24. 13th Annual International Conference, Soc f Chaos Theory in Psych & Life Sciences,Boston, MA, USA, 03/08/08-10
      25. Call for Papers on Dynamical Hierarchies, Special Issue of Artificial Life, Deadline: 03/09/05
      26. 1st German Conference on Multiagent System Technologies (MATES'03), Erfurt, Germany, 03/09/22-25
      27. 7th European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL-2003), Dortmund, Germany, 03/09/14-17
      28. 2003 IEEE/WIC Intl Joint Conf. Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, Beijing, China, 03/10/13-17
      29. ICDM '03: The Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Melbourne, Florida, USA, 03/11/19-22
      30. 3rd International Workshop on Meta-Synthesis and Complex System, Guangzhou, China, 03/11/29-30
      31. 2nd International Workshop on the Mathematics and Algorithms of Social Insects, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 03/12/15-17
      32. Fractal 2004, "Complexity and Fractals in Nature", 8th Intl Multidisciplinary Conf , Vancouver, Canada, 04/04/04-07
      33. Fifth International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2004), Boston, MA, USA, 04/05/16-21

       


      1. Public Conference Calls Next Article Bookmark and Share

        1. PlexusCalls: "Surprise! Surprise!", McDaniel, Reuben, Audio File Available Now, mp3
        2. Complexity And Medical Practice, Pat Rush & Bob Lindberg, PlexusCalls, 03/01/10, Audio File Available Now, mp3
        3. John Holland in Conversation, PlexusCalls, - Audio File Available Now, mp3
        4. Are Disease and Aging Information/Complexity Loss Syndromes?, PlexusCalls, 02/11/08, 1 - 2 pm EST (To learn more about Ary Goldberger’s work and HeartSongs, Music of the Heart.) Audio File Available Now, mp3
        5. Brenda Zimmerman in Conversation, PlexusCalls, Audio File Available Now, mp3
        6. The Complexity of Entrepreneurship: A Launchcyte Story, Tom Petzinger, PlexusCalls, 02/11/22, Audio File Available Now, mp3
        7. A Practical and Appreciative Approach to Complex and Chronic Challenges, Keith McCandless, PlexusCalls, Jan 2003, Audio File Available Now, mp3

    4. ComDig Announcement: New ComDig Archive in Beta Test Bookmark and Share

      We are in the process of upgrading the Complexity Digest archives to a format with improved search capabilities. Also, we will finally be able to adequately publish the valuable feedback and comments from our knowledgable readers. You are cordially invited to become a beta tester of our new ComDig2 archive .

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