Complexity Digest 2002.38

23-Sep-2002

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Content

  1. Climate And Water, Nature Insight
    1. Reducing Uncertainty About Carbon Dioxide As A Climate Driver, Nature
    2. The Hydrologic Cycle In Deep-Time Climate Problems, Nature
    3. Constraints On Future Changes In Climate And The Hydrologic Cycle,, Nature
  2. Acceleration Of Rain Initiation By Cloud Turbulence, , Nature
  3. North-South Connection, Science
    1. Relative Timing of Deglacial Climate Events in Antarctica and Greenland, Science
  4. Food Production Or Atmospheric Methane?, PNAS
    1. Optimizing Grain Yields Reduces CH4 Emissions From Rice Paddy Fields, PNAS
  5. Macroecological Patterns Of Phytoplankton In The Atlantic Ocean, Nature
  6. Two Degrees Of Separation In Complex Food Webs, PNAS
    1. Food-Web Structure And Network Theory, PNAS
  7. [Complexity Of Land Ecosystem, In Chinese],, Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
  8. Politics Returns in Forest Fire Debate,, NYTimes
  9. Social Behaviour: Mexican Waves In An Excitable Medium, , Nature
  10. Group May Estimate Effects of Tax Cuts, NYTimes
  11. Homosexual Tendencies in Flies Switched by Temperature, BBC News
    1. Male-male Courtship Behavior in Drosophila, PNAS
  12. First Biologic Pacemaker Created By Gene Therapy, ScienceDaily
    1. Self-Organized Pacemakers In Birhythmic Media, Physica D
  13. Principles and Networks for Self-Organization in Space-time, Neural Networks
  14. Selection of Catalysts Through Cellular Reproduction, arXiv
  15. Friction Traced To The Single Atom, PNAS
  16. Quantum Physics: Casimir Force Changes Sign, Nature
    1. Evidence For Van Der Waals Adhesion In Gecko Setae, PNAS
  17. Targeted Therapies, Will Gene Screens Usher In Personalized Medicine?, Science News
  18. Biology On The Global Scale,, Nature Book Review
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. America Had 12 warnings of Aircraft Attack, The Independent
    2. In Afghanistan, A Job Half Done,, Boston Globe
    3. Security Worries Stifle Report On Agricultural Bioterror,, Nature
    4. An Adapting Foe In A Changing War,, CNN Headline News
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Webcast Announcements
    3. Conference Announcements
    4. Software Links

  1. Climate And Water, Nature Insight Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt:  A large number of feedback cycles, some of them opposite in effect to others, are involved in this distribution of the incoming energy from the Sun. Water vapour in the atmosphere is the most important greenhouse gas, but clouds and ice sheets can cool the Earth by reflecting energy back to space. Ocean currents transport heat away from the tropics and release it in high latitudes, (...).

    (...) water acts as the venetian blind of our planet, as its central heating system and as the fridge, all at the same time.


    1. Reducing Uncertainty About Carbon Dioxide As A Climate Driver, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The lack of an adequate ancient analogue for future climates means that we ultimately must use and trust climate models, evaluated against modern observation and our best geologic records of warm and cold climates of the past. (...) we will then be able to make reliable predictions of the Earth's response to our risky experiment with the climate system (...).

      The experiment began to have detectable consequences (in retrospect) for atmospheric composition with the clearing of Northern Hemisphere forests in the nineteenth century.


    2. The Hydrologic Cycle In Deep-Time Climate Problems, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Hydrology refers to the whole panoply of effects the water molecule has on climate and on the land surface during its journey there and back again between ocean and atmosphere. On its way, it is cycled through vapour, cloud water, snow, sea ice and glacier ice, as well as acting as a catalyst for silicate-carbonate weathering reactions governing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Because carbon dioxide affects the hydrologic cycle through temperature, climate is a pas des deux between carbon dioxide and water, with important guest appearances by surface ice cover.


    3. Constraints On Future Changes In Climate And The Hydrologic Cycle,, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: What can we say about changes in the hydrologic cycle on 50-year timescales when we cannot predict rainfall next week? Eventually, perhaps, a great deal: the overall climate response to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases may prove much simpler and more predictable than the chaos of short-term weather. (...) It will be substantially harder to quantify the range of possible changes in the hydrologic cycle than in global-mean temperature, both because the observations are less complete and because the physical constraints are weaker.


  2. Acceleration Of Rain Initiation By Cloud Turbulence, , Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Vapor condensation in cloud cores produces small droplets (...). Droplets are believed to grow to raindrop size by coalescence due to collision. Air turbulence is thought to be the main cause for collisions (...), and therefore rain prediction requires a quantitative description of droplet collision in turbulence. Turbulent vortices act as small centrifuges (...) which increase the mean collision rate. Here we derive a formula for the collision rate of small heavy particles in a turbulent flow, using a recently developed formalism for tracing random trajectories.

  3. North-South Connection, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: A popular paradigm for understanding global oceanic heat budgets is that of a "bipolar seesaw," wherein a heat gain in one hemisphere is balanced by a loss in the other. This concept has been invoked to explain the apparently alternating periods of hemispherically opposed heating and cooling that have occurred during the past 100,000 years of the last glacial cycle (...). (...) new ice core record of air temperatures from coastal Antarctica which shows that a simple bipolar seesaw is an oversimplification.

    1. Relative Timing of Deglacial Climate Events in Antarctica and Greenland, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: The last deglaciation was marked by large, hemispheric, millennial-scale climate variations (...). A chronology from the high-accumulation Law Dome East Antarctic ice core constrains the relative timing of these two events and provides strong evidence that the cooling at the start of the Antarctic Cold Reversal did not follow the abrupt warming (...) around 14,500 years ago. This result suggests that southern changes are not a direct response to abrupt changes in North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, as is assumed in the conventional picture of a hemispheric temperature seesaw.


  4. Food Production Or Atmospheric Methane?, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Atmospheric methane is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. Sources of atmospheric methane are about 1/3 natural and 2/3 human-caused. Its concentration has roughly doubled in the past 100 years. (...)

    Flooded rice fields are a significant source of atmospheric methane. Worldwide emission from rice has been extrapolated from reports from China, India, Vietnam, Korea, and the Philippines to be from 21 to 30 teragrams [1012g] per year (...). These values are less than several estimates since 1981, but still represent a globally significant source.


    1. Optimizing Grain Yields Reduces CH4 Emissions From Rice Paddy Fields, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Microbial production in anoxic wetland rice soils is a major source of atmospheric CH4, the most important non-CO2 greenhouse gas. Much higher CH4 emissions from well managed irrigated rice fields in the wet than in the dry season could not be explained by seasonal differences in temperature. We hypothesized that high CH4 emissions in the wet season are caused by low grain to biomass ratios. (...) The observed relationship between reduced grain filling and CH4 emission provides opportunities to mitigate CH4 emissions by optimizing rice productivity.

  5. Macroecological Patterns Of Phytoplankton In The Atlantic Ocean, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Many issues in biological oceanography are regional or global in scope; however, there are not many data sets of extensive areal coverage for marine plankton. (...) A more recent approach termed macroecology characterizes phenomena emerging from large numbers of biological units by emphasizing the shapes and boundaries of statistical distributions, because these reflect the constraints on variation. (...)

    These systematic patterns in the different size groups lead to phytoplankton communities that conform to an apparently universal relationship between population density and organism size.


  6. Two Degrees Of Separation In Complex Food Webs, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats. (...) Here, we show for that species within large communities from a variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are on average two links apart, with >95% of species typically within three links of each other. (...) These results indicate that the dynamics of species within ecosystems may be more highly interconnected and that biodiversity loss and species invasions may affect more species than previously thought.

    1. Food-Web Structure And Network Theory, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Networks from a wide range of physical, biological, and social systems have been recently described as "small-world" and "scale-free." However, studies disagree whether ecological networks called food webs possess the characteristic path lengths, clustering coefficients, and degree distributions required for membership in these classes of networks. Our analysis suggests that the disagreements are based on selective use of relatively few food webs, as well as analytical decisions that obscure important variability in the data. (...) Although food webs are generally not small-world, scale-free networks, food-web topology is consistent with patterns found within those classes of networks.

  7. [Complexity Of Land Ecosystem, In Chinese],, Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: In recent years, complexity studies has become a new research region and been widely applied in engineering, biology, economy, management, military, police and sociology. In this paper, from the view of complex science, the main complexity characteristics of land ecosystem were described, furthermore, the application of fractal, chaos, and artificial neural network on the complexity of land ecosystem were also discussed.

  8. Politics Returns in Forest Fire Debate,, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Editor's Note: This looks like an excellent challenge for all the forest fire modelers out there: How to best prevent forest fires.

    Excerpts: But what the Bush administration characterizes as "gridlock" and "analysis paralysis" is seen by others as the messy but necessary products of making land decisions in a democracy. The president's plan, they say, would take the public out of public forest management. (...)

    The wilderness group is not opposed to thinning forests for fire prevention near urban areas, but does object to large-scale logging in the name of forest health. (...)

    The General Accounting Office said (...) fewer than 1% of fire prevention projects were delayed in such a way.


  9. Social Behaviour: Mexican Waves In An Excitable Medium, , Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Using video recordings, we analyzed 14 waves in football stadia holding over 50,000 people. The wave usually rolls in a clockwise direction and typically moves at a speed of about 12 meters per second and has a width of about 6-12 m.

    (...) we were able to develop a quantitative treatment of this type of collective behavior by building and simulating models that accurately reproduce and predict its details. (...)processes such as forest fires or wave propagation in heart tissue, can be generalized to include human social behavior.


  10. Group May Estimate Effects of Tax Cuts, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Editor's Note: Taxes are one tool of how a government can control the economy. For instance gasoline taxes in Europe are thought to encourage driving behavior and technological innovation to conserve petrol. Taxes on cigarettes and alcohol are supposed to discourage drinking and smoking whereas illegal drugs are mostly available tax-free. Since economies are known to be complex systems any attempt at controlling can have many unintended outcomes. In complex systems research robust simulation methods have been developed to answer questions like the impact of new tax laws on the economy. Because of the huge volume of the current government's tax-cut, it seems reasonable to do a careful modeling and analysis of its consequences.

    Excerpts:  The opponents say there is no way to develop sufficiently precise estimates of the effect of tax cuts on an economy as complex as the United States's. (...)

    The new reports will supplement but not replace the current system under which the committee provides official estimates of what a tax cut will cost in lost revenue without calculating the long-term economic effects. (...) new reports would be a big step toward (...) a "dynamic scoring" system that incorporates offsetting revenue gains in calculating the cost of tax cuts.


  11. Homosexual Tendencies in Flies Switched by Temperature, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Scientists can turn the homosexual tendencies of laboratory flies on and off at the flick of a switch.

    Researchers introduced a mutant gene into the fruit flies that is sensitive to temperature.

    When the insects were warmed above 30 Celsius, communication between a particular set of nerve cells was disrupted.

    This made the mutant males less interested in courting female flies and open to the advances of other males.


    1. Male-male Courtship Behavior in Drosophila, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: It is reported here that male-male courtship behavior is evoked instantaneously in the fruit fly Drosophila by conditional disruption of synaptic transmission. (...).

      The presented strategy that can induce behavioral abnormalities by disrupting synaptic transmission in an acute and noninvasive manner will allow further exploration as to how distinct neuronal groups control sexual orientation and other aspects of reproductive behavior in Drosophila.


  12. First Biologic Pacemaker Created By Gene Therapy, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Working with guinea pigs, Johns Hopkins scientists have created what is believed to be the first biologic pacemaker for the heart,(...) uses gene therapy to convert a small fraction of guinea pigs' heart muscle cells into specialized "pacing" cells. "We now can envision a day when it will be possible to recreate an individual's pacemaker cells or develop hybrid pacemakers - part electronic and part biologic,"
    >(...) heart cells in the guinea pigs spontaneously and rhythmically "fired" after the scientists genetically altered the cells' balance of potassium. "A biologic pacemaker should also be able to adjust to the body's changing needs (...)."

    1. Self-Organized Pacemakers In Birhythmic Media, Physica D Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: A birhythmic dynamical system is characterized by two coexisting stable limit cycles. In this article, a general reaction-diffusion system close to a supercritical pitchfork-Hopf bifurcation is investigated, where a soft onset of birhythmicity is possible. We show that stable self-organized pacemakers, which give rise to target patterns, exist and represent a generic type of spatio-temporal patterns in such a system. This is verified by numerical simulations which also show the existence of breathing and swinging pacemaker solutions. Stable pacemakers inhibit the formation of other pacemakers in the system. The drift of self-organized pacemakers in media with spatial parameter gradients is analytically and numerically investigated. Furthermore, instabilities induced by phase slips are also considered.

  13. Principles and Networks for Self-Organization in Space-time, Neural Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: In this paper, we develop a spatio-temporal memory that blends properties from long and short-term memory and is motivated by reaction diffusion mechanisms. The winning processing element of a self-organizing networknext term creates traveling waves on the output space that gradually attenuate over time and space to diffuse temporal information and create localized spatio-temporal neighborhoods for clustering. (...) We test the method in a robot navigation task and in vector quantization of speech. This method performs better than conventional static vector quantizers based on the same data set and similar training conditions.

  14. Selection of Catalysts Through Cellular Reproduction, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: It has been pointed out that if an autocatalytic cycle produces primitive membrane chemicals, it can compose a self-maintaining proto cell. Moreover, it is known that a proto cell can divide itself spontaneously as it grows. An unsolved problem is how such a catalytic system can evolve in the pre-cellular environment. Here we examine, as the first step, the evolution of catalysts that have different activity in generating membrane chemicals using a Lattice-Gas-like model. We demonstrated that a self-replicating proto-cell emerges from random initial configuration. We also showed that cells with higher activity of membrane production evolve through cellular selection.

  15. Friction Traced To The Single Atom, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Friction is caused by dissipative lateral forces that act between macroscopic objects. An improved understanding of friction is therefore expected from measurements of dissipative lateral forces acting between individual atoms. Here we establish atomic resolution of both conservative and dissipative forces by lateral force microscopy, presenting the resolution of atomic defects. (...) A dissipation energy of up to 4 eV per oscillation cycle is found. The dissipation is explained by a "plucking action of one atom on to the other" as described by G. A. Tomlinson in 1929 [Tomlinson, G. A. (1929) Phil. Mag. 7, 905-939].

  16. Quantum Physics: Casimir Force Changes Sign, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Historically, the Casimir effect has been considered to be an exotic quantum phenomenon, but now it is starting to take on technological importance. Because of its relatively short range, it has only a very small effect on the dynamics of macroscopic mechanical systems. But the Casimir force has a major role in modern micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), where the distances between neighbouring surfaces are typically far less than 1 m. (...) on-chip, fully integrated, miniature sensors and actuators, with a rapidly growing range of applications.

    1. Evidence For Van Der Waals Adhesion In Gecko Setae, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Editor's Note: The van der Waals force can be considered as one manifestation of the Casimir force at very small distances. Maybe this "quantum gecko method" will finally replace last century's Velcro. When can we see "Gecko Man" in the movies, and how do gecko's keep their feet clean?

      Excerpts: Geckos have evolved one of the most versatile and effective adhesives known. The mechanism of dry adhesion in the millions of setae on the toes of geckos has been the focus of scientific study for over a century. We provide the first direct experimental evidence for dry adhesion of gecko setae by van der Waals forces(...). A van der Waals mechanism implies that the remarkable adhesive properties of gecko setae are merely a result of the size and shape of the tips, and are not strongly affected by surface chemistry.


  17. Targeted Therapies, Will Gene Screens Usher In Personalized Medicine?, Science News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: That diversity provides the basis for one of the most touted potential benefits of genetic knowledge: By teasing out the connections between a person's genes and his or her drug responses, it may be possible to customize medicine. The science behind this personalized medicine is called pharmacogenetics. (..)

    Genes play an important role in drug response because they dictate how each person's body breaks down, or metabolizes, medicines. Also, many drugs target particular receptors, which are gene-specified proteins that sit on the surfaces of cells.


  18. Biology On The Global Scale,, Nature Book Review Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: No object in the Solar System is more enigmatic than our own familiar planet. (...) most stunning of all, there is abundant life - a biosphere. We feel that these remarkable attributes are intimately connected, but are poorly informed about these relations and by what principles the system evolved. Earth dynamics, in particular the role of life, is hot stuff at present, Earth system science and geobiology being examples of new disciplines specifically concerned with this problem. So Vaclav Smil's overview of what we know about the biosphere is timely.

  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. America Had 12 warnings of Aircraft Attack, The Independent Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: American intelligence received many more clues before the 11 September attacks than previously disclosed, that terrorists might hijack planes and turn them into weapons [...]. Eleanor Hill, staff director of the joint House and Senate intelligence committee investigating the terrorist strikes, cited no less than 12 examples of intelligence information on the possible use of airliners as weapons. They stretch from 1994 to August 2001.

    2. In Afghanistan, A Job Half Done,, Boston Globe Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Russian observers have noted that the United States is at roughly the same stage where they were in 1981, supporting a weak central government, faced with a bubbling opposition. (...)

      With far less international donor support arriving than expected, the fruits of peace are yet to be delivered to the Afghan people. (...) This state of affairs belies President Bush's promise last year of a ''new Marshall Plan'' to the Afghan people that would improve their lot once the Taliban were gone.


    3. Security Worries Stifle Report On Agricultural Bioterror,, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A major report on the threat of agricultural bioterrorism is being delayed as US government officials wrestle with the National Academy of Sciences over whether its release would provide information that could be useful to terrorists. (...)

      He adds that it reflects a difference in outlook between plant scientists and government officials on countering agricultural bioterrorism. The American Phytopathological Society, for example, has argued that trying to constrain information about plant biology is futile, and that the government should prepare to counter possible attacks.


    4. An Adapting Foe In A Changing War,, CNN Headline News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts:  The U.S. considers their arrests a tremendous victory in the war against terrorism. At the same time, the apprehension of suspected al Qaeda members in distant locations across the globe highlights the difficulty of finding and capturing such a decentralized enemy.

      (...) we are seeing more of what was discussed at the beginning of the war on terrorism, namely, that its success would depend upon intelligence, diplomatic overtures and law enforcement efforts around the world. Such efforts, analysts said, could ultimately prove more effective than overt military action.


  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Publications Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. A Mathematical Theory of Communication, C. E. Shannon, Bell Sys. Tech. Journal, Vol. 27, pp:379-423, 623-656, July, October, 1948
      2. Self-Organized Criticality and Thermodynamic Formalism. B. Cessac, Ph. Blanchard, T. Krueger, J.L. Meunier. arXiv.
      3. Superiority Of Semiclassical Over Quantum Mechanical Calculations For A Three-Dimensional System. J. Main, G. Wunner, E. Atilgan, H. S. Taylor, P. A. Dando. arXiv.
      4. Fractal Properties of Robust Strange Nonchaotic Attractors in Maps of Two or More Dimensions. Jong-Won Kim, Sang-Yoon Kim, Brian Hunt, and Edward Ott. arXiv.
      5. Reasoning About Evolving Nonmonotonic Knowledge Bases. T. Eiter, M. Fink, G. Sabbatini, H. Tompits. arXiv.
      6. Probabilistic Reversible Automata and Quantum Automata. Marats Golovkins and Maksim Kravtsev. arXiv
      7. From Synapses to Rules, B. Apolloni, D. Malchiodi, C. Orovas , G. Palmas, Cognitive Systems Research 3 (2): 167-201
      8. Theory and Scope of Exact Representation Extraction from Feed-Forward Networks, Ofer Melnik, Jordan B. Pollack, Cognitive Systems Research 3 (2): 203-226
      9. Introduction [to Quantum Information], C. King & M. B. Ruskai, J. Math. Physics, Announcement of  Spl. Issue on Quantum Information Theory, Vol. 43, No 9, September 2002
      10. Topological Quantum Memory, E. Dennis, A. Kitaev, A. Landahl & J. Preskill, J. Math. Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 9, pp.:4452-4505, September 2002
      11. Hiding Messages In Quantum Data, J. Gea-Banacloche, J. Math. Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 9, pp.:4531-4536, September 2002
      12. The Long-Term Resetting Of A Brainstem Pacemaker Nucleus By Synaptic Input: A Model For Sensorimotor Adaptation, J. Oestreich & H. H. Zakon, J. Neurosc., 22(18), pp.:8287-8296, September 15, 2002
      13. Decomposing The Mind-Brain: A Long-Term Pursuit, W. Bechtel, Brain and Mind, 3 (2): 229-242, August 2002
      14. Brain Activity During Syntactic And Semantic Processing-A Magnetoencephalographic Study,M. Harle, C. Dobel, R. Cohen, B. Rockstroh, Brain Topography, 15 (1): 3-11, Fall 2002
      15. An Analog Neural Network Implementation In Fixed Time Of Adjustable Order Statistic Filters And Applications, M. Mestari, Under review, TNN CE326, IEEE Tran. in Neural Network, July 2002
      16. Entropy-Based Generation Of Supervised Neural Networks For Classification Of Structured Patterns,H. Tsai & S. Lee, Under review, TNN CE384, IEEE Tran. in Neural Network, July 2002
      17. A Statistical Modeling Approach To Location Estimation, T. Roos, P.  Myllymäki & H. Tirri, IEEE Tran. Mobile Computing, Vol.1, No 1, pp.:59-69, 2002
      18. People With Absolute Pitch Process Tones With Producing P300, H. Hirosem,  M. Kubotaa, I. Kimuraa, M. Ohsawaa, Masato Yumotob & Y. Sakakiharaa , Neurosc. Letters, Vol. 330, Issue 3, pp.:247-250, 27 September 2002
      19. Engineers Model Blood Flow, ScienceDaily, Posted 9/18/2002
      20. Researchers Further Define Sources of Adult Blood Stem Cells , Mignon Fogarty, The Scientist, 16 (18), 2002-09-16
      21. Classification Of Scale-Free Networks, Kwang-Il Goh, Eulsik Oh, Hawoong Jeong, Byungnam Kahng, and Doochul Kim, PNAS, 10.1073/pnas.202301299, 02/09/18
      22. BDNF Overexpression Increases Dendrite Complexity In Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus, Tolwani R, Buckmaster P, Varma S, Cosgaya J, Wu Y, Suri C, Shooter E., Neuroscience. 2002;114(3):795, PMID: 12220579
      23. [Analysis Of EEG Based On The Complexity Measure]. Wang P, Zheng X, Peng C, Dong W, Wang Y., Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2002 Jun;19(2):229-31. Chinese. PMID: 12224287
      24. On Complexity, Process Ownership And Organisational Learning In Manufacturing Organisations, From An Ergonomics Perspective, Siemieniuch CE, Sinclair MA., Appl Ergon. 2002 Sep;33(5):449-62, PMID: 12236654
      25. Genetic Complexity Of Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocytes Isolated From The Peripheral Blood Of Treated Gambian Children, Sutherland CJ, Alloueche A, McRobert L, Ord R, Leggat J, Snounou G, Pinder M, Targett GA., Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Jun;66(6):700-5, PMID: 12224577
      26. The Complexity Of Immune And Alloimmune Response, Petranyi GG., Transpl Immunol. 2002 Aug;10(2-3):91-100, PMID: 12216955
      27. Developmental Aspects Of Infant's Cry Melody And Formants, Wermke K, Mende W, Manfredi C, Bruscaglioni P., Med Eng Phys. 2002 Sep;24(7-8):501. PMID: 12237046
      28. Acquisition Of Serial Complexity In Speech Production: A Comparison Of Phonetic And Phonological Approaches To First Word Production, Davis BL, MacNeilage PF, Matyear CL., Phonetica. 2002 Apr-Sep;59(2-3):75-107, PMID: 12232462
      29. Non-Linear Dynamic Complexity Of The Human EEG During Meditation, Aftanas L, Golocheikine S., Neurosci Lett. 2002 Sep 20;330(2):143, PMID: 12231432
      30. Complexity In Late-Life Depression: Impact Of Confounding Factors On Diagnosis, Treatment, And Outcomes, Kales HC, Valenstein M., J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2002 Fall;15(3):147-55, PMID: 12230085
      31. The Genetic Complexity Of Chitin Synthesis In Fungi, Roncero C., Curr Genet. 2002 Sep;41(6):367-78, PMID: 12228806
      32. Inequalities In Urban Areas: Innovative Approaches To Complex Issues, Lawrence RJ. Scand J Public Health. 2002;30 Suppl 59:34-40, PMID: 12227963
      33. Dendritic Cells And The Complexity Of Microbial Infection, Rescigno M., Trends Microbiol. 2002 Sep;10(9):425, PMID: 12217508
      34. Complexity and Genetic Variability of Heat-Shock Protein Expression in Isolated Maize Microspores, Magnard JL, Vergne P, Dumas C., Plant Physiol. 1996 Aug;111(4):1085-1096. PMID: 12226349
      35. M-FISH Analysis Shows That Complex Chromosome Aberrations Induced By Alpha -Particle Tracks Are Cumulative Products Of Localized Rearrangements, Rhona M. Anderson, David L. Stevens, and Dudley T. Goodhead, PNAS, 02/09/17; 99(19): p. 12167-12172
      36. Serotonin Mediates Food-Odor Associative Learning In The Nematode Caenorhabditiselegans, William M. Nuttley, Karen P. Atkinson-Leadbeater, Derek van der Kooy, PNAS; 99(19): p. 12449-12454, 02/09/17
      37. Fast Synaptic Inhibition Promotes Synchronized Gamma Oscillations In Hippocampal Interneuron Networks, Marlene Bartos, Imre Vida, Michael Frotscher, Axel Meyer, Hannah Monyer, Jorg R. P. Geiger, Peter Jonas, PNAS, 10.1073/pnas.192233099, 02/09/16
      38. The Genomics Of Symbiosis: Hosts Keep The Baby And The Bath Water, Brian Palenik,PNAS, 10.1073/pnas.202486299, 02/09/09
      39. Subnuclear Shuttling Of Human Telomerase Induced By Transformation And DNA Damage, J. M. Y. Wong, L. Kusdra & K. Collins, Nature Cell Biology 4, 731; 02/09, (...) telomerase activity is normally repressed by physical sequestration in nucleoli. But in transformed cells, telomerase is dissociated from nucleoli and becomes available to its substrates.
      40. Africa's Deserts Are In "Spectacular" Retreat, Fred Pearce, New Scientist, 02/09/18, Analysts say the gradual greening has been happening since the mid-1980s, though has gone largely unnoticed.
      41. Earth's Magnetic Field 'Boosts Gravity', Michael Brooks, New Scientist, 02/09/22, (...) suggest that electromagnetism and gravity influence one another enough for gravity's pull to be noticeably affected by the Earth's magnetic field.
      42. International Team Of Scientists Attempts To Measure Speed Of Gravity, ScienceDaily, Posted 9/12/2002, (...) speed of gravity is assumed to be equal to the speed of light. While there is indirect evidence this is true, the speed has never been measured directly (...)
      43. Corridors Affect Plants, Animals, And Their Interactions In Fragmented Landscapes, Joshua J. Tewksbury, Douglas J. Levey, Nick M. Haddad, Sarah Sargent, John L. Orrock, Aimee Weldon, Brent J. Danielson, Jory Brinkerhoff, Ellen I. Damschen, Patricia Townsend, PNAS, 10.1073/pnas.202242699, 02/09/18
      44. Singing Frog In China Evokes Whales, Primates, Science News, Vol. 162, No. 11, 02/09/14, p. 173, A frog in China warbles and flutes with such versatility that its high-pitched calls sound like those of birds or whales. Also available in Audible format
      45. Chinese Records Show Typhoon Cycles, Science News, Vol. 162, No. 11, 02/09/14, p. 174, Historical records compiled by local governments along China's southeastern coast during the past 1,000 years suggest that there's a 50-year cycle in the annual number of typhoons that strike the area. Also available in Audible format
      46. In Quietly Courting Africa, U.S. Likes the Dowry: Oil, James Dao, NYTimes, 02/09/19, Africa, the neglected stepchild of American diplomacy, is rising in strategic importance to Washington policy makers.
      47. Could The Anasazi Have Stayed?, Science News, Vol. 162, No. 11, 02/09/14, p. 174, New computer simulations of the changing environmental conditions around one of the Anasazi cultural centers in the first part of the last millennium suggest that drought wasn't the only factor behind a sudden collapse of the civilization, . Also available in Audible format

    2. Webcast Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. 7th Experimental Chaos Conference, San Diego, Ca, 02/08/26-29, Video/Audio Report
      2. Seventh International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Edinburgh, UK, 02/08/04-11, Video/Audio Reports
      3. The Technology Frontier, Gemini Ernst & Young Center for Business Innovation, 02/09/18
      4. Brookings Report Urges Congress to Revise President Bush's Homeland Security Proposal, A Brookings Press Briefing, 02/07/15, Event Video
      5. International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2002), Nashua, NH, 02/06/09-14 (video + mp3 downloadable audio)
      6. Understanding Complex Systems: Symposium Complexity in Physical and Biological Structures, Medicine & Ecology, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 02/05/13-15
      7. ROBOT: The Future of Flesh and Machine, Rodney A. Brooks, MIT AI Lab, Talk given at the School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences of the University of Sussex, May 14th, 2002.
      8. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998

    3. Conference Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. 3rd Intl NAISO Symposium on Engineering Of Intelligent Systems (EIS 20020), Malaga, Spain, 02/09/24-27
      2. Seminar on Non-equilibrium Phenomena and Phase Transitions in Complex Systems, Avila, Spain, 02/09/24-28.
      3. One Day Course: Introduction to Complex Systems, NECSI, Cambridge, MA, 02/10/06
      4. ACRI 2002, 5th Intl Conf on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, Geneva, Switzerland, 02/10/09-11 
      5. Healthy Organizations & Leadership: What We Can Learn From Complexity Science,Flemington, NJ, 02/09/ 27-28
      6. Unleashing the Storyteller Within: Tapping a New Leadership Skill, PlexusInstitute.org, Maine
      7. Dynamical Systems Methods for Advanced Diagnosis and Prognosis, 39th Annual Technical Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science, University Park, Pennsylvania, 02/10/13-16
      8. Achieve Breakthrough Results by Re-Thinking and Updating Your Organization's "Reason for Being", Santa Fe Associates, NM
      9. Artificial Worlds, Camden, ME, 02/10/18-20
      10. 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning (SEAL'02), 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'02), International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'02), Singapore, 02/11/18-22
      11. Dynamical Neuroscience X: From Experiments and Models to Brain Theory, Orlando, Florida, 02/11/01-02
      12. Managing Complex Organizations In A Complex World, NECSI, Boston, MA, 02/11/14-15
      13. Workshop on Modeling Complex Systems, University of Nevada, Reno, 02/11/20-21
        1. One-Day Course: Introduction to Complex Systems, Univ Nevada, Reno, 02/11/19
      14. International Conference on Systems, Development and Self-Organization (ICSDS'2002 ),Beijing, 02/11/30-12/01
      15. Managing the Complex IV, Naples , FL, 02/12/07-10
      16. 23rd Army Science Conference (ASC): "Transformational Science & Technology for the Army....a race for speed and precision.", Orlando Fl, 02/12/02-05
      17. Artificial Life VIII, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, 02/12/09-13
        1. 1st Workshop on the Modelling of Dynamical Hierarchies in Alife (WDH 2002)
      18. One-Week Intensive Course: Complex Physical, Biological and Social Systems, NECSI, Cambridge, MA, 03/01
      19. Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences (HICSS-36), Big Island, Hawaii, 03/01/06-09
      20. INSC 2003, International Nonlinear Sciences Conference Research and Applications in the Life Sciences,Vienna, Austria, 03/02/07-09
      21. 21st ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education, Hong Kong, 03/06/01-05
      22. 2003 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2003), Chicago, IL,03/07/12-16
      23. 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium Series, Computational Synthesis: From Basic Building Blocks To High Level Functionality, Stanford, 03/03/24-27
      24. Uncertainty and Surprise: Questions on Working with the Unexpected, U. of Texas at Austin, Texas USA

    4. Software Links Bookmark and Share

      1. z-Tree (Zurich Toolbox for Readymade Economic Experiments), Urs Fischbacher, software for experimental economics.

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