Complexity Digest 2002.19

13-May-2002

For individual e-mail subscriptions go to Subscriptions.
Previous issue 2002.18 | Next issue 2002.20

Content

  1. The Future Of e-Business: The "Dinosaurs" Are Taking Over, Business Week
    1. In a Weekend, 'Spider-Man' Jump-Starts the Summer, NYTimes
  2. Rethink Your R&D With CoBrain, ZDNet
  3. Startup Uses Light, Not Electrons, For New Chip, ExtremeTech
  4. Enron Forced Up California Energy Prices, Documents Show, NYTimes
  5. Humans' Head Start: New Views of Brain Evolution, Science
    1. Development: Linguistic Ability And Early Language Exposure, Nature
  6. Nicotine Addiction: Neural Circuits And Molecular Genetics, J. Neuroscience
    1. Nicotine Self-Administration Impairs Hippocampal Plasticity, J. Neuroscience
  7. Planetary Biology--Paleontological, Geological, and Molecular Histories of Life, Science
    1. Renegade Fish Is Outlasting Even Bombings, NYTimes
  8. Antibiotics In Agriculture: When Is It Time To Close The Barn Door?, PNAS
    1. Animal Antibiotic Use Has An Early But Important Impact On The Emergence Of Antibiotic Resistance, PNAS
  9. Growth Clocked: Size And Temperature Predict Pace Of Life, Nature Science Update
    1. Effects Of Size And Temperature On Developmental Time, Nature
    2. Allometric Scaling And Maximum Efficiency In Physiological Eigen Time, PNAS
  10. Candidate-Gene Approaches For Studying Complex Genetic Traits, Nature Reviews Genetics
  11. Mechanisms Of Noise-Resistance In Genetic Oscillators, PNAS
  12. A Simple Model Of Global Cascades On Random Networks, PNAS
  13. All The World's A Net, New Scientist
  14. Mutant Viruses Order Quantum Dots, New Scientist
    1. Persistence Pays Off, Science
    2. Ordering of Quantum Dots Using Genetically Engineered Viruses, Science
  15. Developmental Biology: Modular Feedback, Nature
  16. Evolving Robust Robots Using Homeostatic Oscillators, COGS CSRP
    1. Temporally Adaptive Networks: Analysis Of GasNet Robot Controllers, COGS CSRP
  17. Learning In Artificial Life: Conditioning, Concept Formation And Sensorimotor Loops, COGS CSRP
  18. Enter The Cyborgs, USNews.com
    1. Cog - Is It More Than A Machine?, Times Online
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. To Fight Terror, We Can't Think Straight, The Washington Post
    2. Pentagon Proposal Worries Researchers, PNAS
    3. Buffett: Nuclear Attack 'Virtually A Certainty', AP/CNN
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Webcast Announcements
    3. Course Announcements
    4. Conference Announcements

  1. The Future Of e-Business: The "Dinosaurs" Are Taking Over, Business Week Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The economic reasons that might have justified that tightly controlled structure have disappeared. The Internet can support much greater competition in production and distribution than [is possible with] the dominant five companies. (...)

    The result is that the field has been left to dinosaurs. There would have been more chips, computers, and devices to deliver content if Congress had been more keen to allow innovation to occur. We've given control over the future to exactly the wrong people. And before we know it, the possibility for innovation will have disappeared.


    1. In a Weekend, 'Spider-Man' Jump-Starts the Summer, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Was the record-shattering $115 million opening weekend for "Spider-Man" an aberration or a sign of more blockbusters to come? (...)

      But fundamental changes in the movie theater business - particularly the rise in huge megaplexes that allow films to be shown on a half-dozen or more screens - have also played a central role in the explosion of big opening weekends in recent years.

      "Spider-Man" opened on 7,500 screens last weekend, which is a big number, (...). That standard was set by "Harry Potter," which appeared on 8,200 screens its first weekend.

      Editor's Comment: This appears to be a good example of market driven global synchronization: The fact that "everybody" sees the movie this weekend is a strong incentive to buy a ticket.


  2. Rethink Your R&D With CoBrain, ZDNet Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: CoBrain can plow through a company's various text repositories (e-mail, intranet servers, Acrobat documents, and other shared text resources) to uncover evidence that someone else may be working on the same problem a new project aims to solve.

    The result? Huge savings, in that there's less overlap of R&D projects within one company and less attention to developing intellectual property that may have been developed elsewhere. How many times have you heard the cliche "trying to reinvent the wheel?" With CoBrain, your chances are reinventing anything are greatly reduced.


  3. Startup Uses Light, Not Electrons, For New Chip, ExtremeTech Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: To the EnLight chip, light passing through a semi-transmissive media is interpreted as multiplication. Combining multiple light beams on one detector? Multiplication. Propagating multiple coherent light sources can be read as a discrete Fourier transformation, a specialized signal-processing algorithm.

    The architecture has several advantages, Goren said. First, multiple signals passed along different wavelengths of light are already multiplexed, or muxed, together inside today's fiber optics cable, promising great degrees of parallelism. While electrons produce waste heat when they encounter resistance, light does not.


  4. Enron Forced Up California Energy Prices, Documents Show, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: In a letter sent by officials at the commission today to Enron, investigators at the agency said the documents described how Enron traders were "creating, and then `relieving,' phantom congestion" on California's electricity grid. The documents also detail what investigators described as "megawatt laundering," in which Enron bought power in California, resold the power out of the state and then bought the power back and resold it back into California - allowing Enron to circumvent price caps meant to clamp down on costs.

     


  5. Humans' Head Start: New Views of Brain Evolution, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: At a symposium on nutritional constraints on brain evolution, an unusual mix of anthropologists, neurochemists, nutritionists, and archaeologists debated the kind of diet that must have supported humans' dramatic brain expansion, focusing on how our ancestors consumed enough of the omega fatty acids essential for brain development. Although a few researchers suggested that the source was brain and other organ meat, most agreed that our ancestors must have relied on fish or shellfish. "A shore-based diet was essential for the evolution of human brains (...)

     


    1. Development: Linguistic Ability And Early Language Exposure, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Here we show that deaf and hearing individuals exposed to language in infancy perform comparably well in learning a new language later in life, whereas deaf individuals with little language experience in early life perform poorly, regardless of whether the early language was signed or spoken and whether the later language was spoken or signed. These findings show that language-learning ability is determined by the onset of language experience during early brain development, independent of the specific form of the experience.


  6. Nicotine Addiction: Neural Circuits And Molecular Genetics, J. Neuroscience Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Nicotine addiction is a complex behavioral phenomenon comprising effects on several neural systems. Recent studies have expanded initial observations that the actions of nicotine on dopaminergic systems increase dopaminergic activity and release, leading to nicotine-induced reinforcement. Indeed, the actions of nicotine on many systems (...) may help to mediate nicotine effects related to addiction. Furthermore, studies of mice (...) have begun to tie together the molecular, neurochemical, and behavioral effects of nicotine.

    1. Nicotine Self-Administration Impairs Hippocampal Plasticity, J. Neuroscience Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Nicotine, the neuroactive compound responsible for tobacco addiction, is primarily believed to have beneficial effects on the adult brain. However, in heavy smokers, abstinence from nicotine is accompanied by cognitive impairments that suggest adverse effects of nicotine on brain plasticity. For this reason, we studied changes in plasticity-related processes in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation of animals trained to self-administer nicotine. These results raise an important additional concern for the health consequences of nicotine abuse and open new insight on the possible neural mechanisms of tobacco addiction.

  7. Planetary Biology--Paleontological, Geological, and Molecular Histories of Life, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The history of life on Earth is chronicled in the geological strata, the fossil record, and the genomes of contemporary organisms. When examined together, these records help identify metabolic and regulatory pathways, annotate protein sequences, and identify animal models to develop new drugs, among other features of scientific and biomedical interest. Together, planetary analysis of genome and proteome databases is providing an enhanced understanding of how life interacts with the biosphere and adapts to global change.

    1. Renegade Fish Is Outlasting Even Bombings, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: (...) in 1997, the Department of Fish and Game, (...), poisoned the lake, killing the pike and every other living thing in it. The poison, rotenone, also destroyed Portola's drinking water supply, leaked past where it was supposed to, killing every fish for five miles downstream (...).

      Eighteen months and $20 million in fees and fines later, including more than $9 million in damages a judge awarded to residents who were sickened by the poison fumes and businesses sickened by its success, the pike were back.

      Editor's Note: An example of biological robustness. Do we understand what made the pike system so robust?


  8. Antibiotics In Agriculture: When Is It Time To Close The Barn Door?, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Over half of the antibiotics that are produced in the U.S. are used for agricultural purposes (...). Antibiotic use in animals has at least four potential effects on human health, each of which presents separate challenges to unambiguous documentation and quantitative measurement. (...)

    More immediately, however, Smith et al. make the case that restrictions of antibiotic use in animals cannot always wait for incontrovertible evidence of harm and that, indeed, such delays may result in a lost opportunity to preserve the usefulness of classes of antibiotics in human medicine.


    1. Animal Antibiotic Use Has An Early But Important Impact On The Emergence Of Antibiotic Resistance, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Antibiotic use is known to promote the development of antibiotic resistance, but substantial controversy exists about the impact of agricultural antibiotic use (AAU) on the subsequent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among humans. AAU for animal growth promotion or for treatment or control of animal diseases generates reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria (...). Our analysis suggests that AAU hastens the appearance of AR bacteria in humans. Our model indicates that the greatest impact occurs very early in the emergence of resistance, (...), possibly below the detection limits of current surveillance methods.


  9. Growth Clocked: Size And Temperature Predict Pace Of Life, Nature Science Update Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Contributing Editor's Note: The two factors account for nearly all of the variations in developmental time are for body size and temperature for many species, including birds, fish, amphibians, aquatic insects. By accounting for these, one can work out how long an animal will take to grow fully, researchers in the following review claims. The model proposed by them integrates the effect of two fundamental factors, namely the size and temperature and even measure lifespan and population growth rate.

    Excerpts: "Despite the incredible complexity of development, and the diversity in form and function, once you account for body size and temperature, hatching time is the same for a salmon, a grasshopper or plankton (...). We've devised a formula for a biological clock which ticks not in units of time, but in units of energy." (...) considered how temperature affects the speed of the chemical reactions that power living cells. They combined this with a mathematical model of how size influences an animal's metabolic rate. Broadly speaking, increasing temperature speeds biological processes, and increasing size slows them down.


    1. Effects Of Size And Temperature On Developmental Time, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Body size and temperature are the two most important variables affecting nearly all biological rates and times. The relationship of size and temperature to development is of particular interest, because during ontogeny size changes and temperature often varies. Here we derive a general model, based on first principles of allometry and biochemical kinetics, that predicts the time of ontogenetic development as a function of body mass and temperature. (...) These results suggest a general definition of biological time that is approximately invariant and common to all organisms.


    2. Allometric Scaling And Maximum Efficiency In Physiological Eigen Time, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: General optimization results from physics indicate that maximum efficiency of a process, in the sense of minimum overall entropy production, is achieved when the rate of entropy production is constant over time, however not in ordinary clock time but on an, in general varying, "eigen time" scale, intrinsic to the system. We identify the eigen time of a biological system with "physiological time," which generally scales with the 1/4 power of body mass, M1/4, over a vast range of species.

  10. Candidate-Gene Approaches For Studying Complex Genetic Traits, Nature Reviews Genetics Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Association studies with candidate genes have been widely used for the study of complex diseases. However, this approach has been criticized because of non-replication of results and limits on its ability to include all possible causative genes and polymorphisms. These challenges have led to pessimism about the candidate-gene approach and about the genetic analysis of complex diseases in general. We believe that these criticisms can be usefully countered with an appeal to the principles of epidemiological investigation.

  11. Mechanisms Of Noise-Resistance In Genetic Oscillators, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: A wide range of organisms use circadian clocks to keep internal sense of daily time and regulate their behavior accordingly. Most of these clocks use intracellular genetic networks based on positive and negative regulatory elements. (...) We show that this type of oscillator is driven mainly by two elements: the concentration of a repressor protein and the dynamics of an activator protein forming an inactive complex with the repressor. (...) Under some conditions, this oscillator is not only resistant to but, paradoxically, also enhanced by the intrinsic biochemical noise.

  12. A Simple Model Of Global Cascades On Random Networks, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The origin of large but rare cascades that are triggered by small initial shocks is a phenomenon that manifests itself as diversely as cultural fads, collective action, the diffusion of norms and innovations,(...). This paper presents a possible explanation of this phenomenon in terms of a sparse, random network of interacting agents whose decisions are determined by the actions of their neighbors according to a simple threshold rule. (...) increasingly heterogeneous thresholds make the system more vulnerable to global cascades; but an increasingly heterogeneous degree distribution makes it less vulnerable.

     


  13. All The World's A Net, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: We are surrounded by networks: social, sexual and professional. Ecosystems are networks, and even our bodies--and the pathogens that lay us low--are kept alive by networks of chemicals. Baraba'si and others have found that many of these networks have the same architecture as the Web. They grow in much the same way and have the same strengths and weaknesses: understand one and you start to understand them all. Universal mathematical laws are rare in biology but, without meaning to, Baraba'si seems to have uncovered one.

     


  14. Mutant Viruses Order Quantum Dots, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: A three dimensional grid of quantum dots created and held together by genetically-engineered viruses could enable a new generation of computer displays, memories and even nanoscale computer chips.

    Angela Belcher and colleagues at the University of Texas at Austin engineered long, threadlike viruses so that their ends would stick to molecules of zinc sulphide and form them into tiny crystals. But the viruses also lined themselves up, creating a structure so regular and strong that a thin plastic-like film was created.


    1. Persistence Pays Off, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Supermolecular structures can potentially act as scaffolds for the organization of inorganic nanoparticles. This approach has applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic materials. For example, precise spacing of magnetic domains might allow extremely high-density memory storage. How can these nanostructures be formed? Rod-shaped molecules in low-molar mass liquid crystals can form complex mesophases in which the rods are lined up side by side and end to end, producing an organization rivaling that of solid crystals.


    2. Ordering of Quantum Dots Using Genetically Engineered Viruses, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: A liquid crystal system was used for the fabrication of a highly ordered composite material from genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocrystals. The bacteriophage, which formed the basis of the self-ordering system, were selected to have a specific recognition moiety for ZnS crystal surfaces. The bacteriophage were coupled with ZnS solution precursors and spontaneously evolved a self-supporting hybrid film material that was ordered at the nanoscale and at the micrometer scale into ~72-micrometer domains, which were continuous over a centimeter length scale.


  15. Developmental Biology: Modular Feedback, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: To understand cell signalling during development, we need to know how whole signalling networks - not just their individual components - are regulated. Two new studies highlight this point.

    In simplistic terms, living organisms can be broken down into modules - distinct ensembles of interacting elements that are used in a combinatorial fashion. Modules occur at all levels of biological organization and can encompass physical clusters (such as ribosomes and other multimolecule cellular machines) as well as processes (such as cell-to-cell signalling pathways).

     


  16. Evolving Robust Robots Using Homeostatic Oscillators, COGS CSRP Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Contributing Editor's Note: Perception in animals is adaptive. For example, classic experiments with distorting goggles showed that people can adapt to inverted visual fields with time. It is a desired property of autonomous systems to show this adaptation as well. This work explores convincingly one way of producing adaptive robot controllers from a perspective combining cybernetics and evolutionary robotics.

    Abstract: A network of homeostatic relaxation oscillators is evolved to produce non-rhythmic phototactic behaviour in a simulated robot. Neural oscillations take place at a faster timescale than that of performance, and are designed to maintain an average activation value which is independent of sensory or synaptic input. In this way, neural activation cannot correlate directly with any action-relevant sensory information, but must be continuously modulated by sensorimotor coupling. Evolution finds robust controllers which work by altering their central oscillation patterns. Robot are evolved with a fixed set of body parameters, including sensor positions. Radical sensor robustness is shown by inverting the position of the sensors and also by removing either of them in turn - operations that do not alter the success of the strategy. Fast dynamics and long-term homeostasis seem to be required for robustness; slowing down the timescale of oscillations results in less robustness. The need for long-term homeostasis is shown both by modifying the oscillators and by running control experiments using a network of FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons. In none of these cases robustness is obtained. A general hypothesis is proposed according to which removing functional specificity from the lower-level mechanisms is likely to result in robust performance at the global level.


    1. Temporally Adaptive Networks: Analysis Of GasNet Robot Controllers, COGS CSRP Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Contributing Editor's Note: It has been found that the release of gases in the brain affects the behaviour of individual neurons. GasNets are a computational analogy of this, where the release of gases regulates the activity of artificial neurons. GasNets have proven to be useful for evolving control systems for robots which would be very difficult to design by hand.

      Abstract: There are immense problems in developing artificial nervous systems for autonomous machines operating in non-trivial environments. In particular, no principled methodology is in place to decide between solution classes and representations, and between methods by which solutions might be developed using hand-design or search techniques. In this paper we apply the techniques of dynamical systems theory to the analysis of successfully evolved robot control systems, in order to identify useful properties of the underlying control architecture. We investigate the suitability of two different neural network classes for a robotic visual discrimination task, through analysis of both successful controller behaviour and continued evolution of successful solutions in environments with modified characteristics. We argue that the temporally adaptable properties of the GasNet class identified through dynamical systems analysis, and found to be useful in order to re-evolve in modified environments, are crucial to the evolution of successful controllers for the original environment.


  17. Learning In Artificial Life: Conditioning, Concept Formation And Sensorimotor Loops, COGS CSRP Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The first half of this thesis is a review of neural models of associative learning, with a particular focus on two things: the ability to form 'concepts' (extracting patterns from the sensory data) and the capability of dealing with embodied agents.... The second half details a closer examination of distributed adaptive control, in light of the previous discussion. A series of experiments are performed on a re-implementation of this learning algorithm which compare its associative learning characteristics to those of the most basic of natural associative learning methods: classical conditioning.... The result is that while distributed adaptive control may show the surface capabilities of classical conditioning (the ability to have a conditioned stimulus act as a predictor for an unconditioned stimulus), it does not have the deeper abilities of classical conditioning....

  18. Enter The Cyborgs, USNews.com Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Prostheses that would improve recipients' brains are much further away than thought-controlled arms. Enhancing intellect or memory will take a far more sophisticated ability to talk to and understand neurons than scientists now have. But several groups are trying to study the language of thought by growing small networks of brain cells on top of silicon chips and in electrode-studded dishes. "I think that by studying networks in culture, we can get an idea of the group activities that lead to what we call thoughts in animals," (...).

    1. Cog - Is It More Than A Machine?, Times Online Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Cog, although only a torso, is humanoid - it has arms with touch sensors on its fingers, it can hear and see, and it is attracted by movement. It is also being taught to copy: for instance, a student will sort a pile of coloured bricks, with the idea that Cog will watch and learn.

      One memorable moment was at the birthday party. A baby reached out to Cog and the two, robot and baby, interacted. The baby treated the robot as if it was a person.

       


  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. To Fight Terror, We Can't Think Straight, The Washington Post Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: (...) last July, two months before the hijackings, an Arizona-based FBI agent alerted officials in Washington that Middle Easterners were training at U.S. flight schools. He advocated a nonlinear response: "FBIHQ should discuss this matter with other elements of the U.S. intelligence community and task the community for any information that supports Phoenix's suspicions," (...). But it's clear that the FBI had not succeeded by Sept. 11 in activating a big-picture approach and following through with other agencies, from local police forces to the Immigration and Naturalization Services.

    2. Pentagon Proposal Worries Researchers, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: A proposal to impose new controls on U.S. scientists who do basic research for the military is drawing fire from universities, members of Congress, and even some top Pentagon research officials. The draft rules would require prior government review of publication and travel plans for researchers conducting nonclassified research deemed "critical" to national security. Critics say the new rules are largely redundant, and they warn that the added paperwork could scare away top scientists from working with the Department of Defense.


    3. Buffett: Nuclear Attack 'Virtually A Certainty', AP/CNN Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Investment guru Warren Buffett offered a bleak prediction for the nation's national security, saying a terrorist attack on American soil is "virtually a certainty."

      Envy and dislike of the United States have fueled rage against the country even as the ability to build a nuclear device has spread, Buffett said Sunday at the final day of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.'s annual meeting. (...)

      The companies are now writing policies on terrorism but limiting their liability in any nuclear, biological or chemical attack.

       


  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Publications Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Learning to Recognize Three-Dimensional Objects, Dan Roth, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Narendra Ahuja, Neural Comp. 2002 May 1; 14(5): p. 1071-1103
      2. The Confinement Of Neptune's Ring Arcs By The Moon Galatea, F Namouni, C Porco, Nature 417, 45 - 47 (2002)
      3. A Model Of A Turbulent Boundary Layer With A Nonzero Pressure gradient, G. I. Barenblatt, A. J. Chorin, V. M. Prostokishin, PNAS 2002;99 5772-5776
      4. Climate Change Hastens Population Extinctions, John F. McLaughlin, Jessica J. Hellmann, Carol L. Boggs, Paul R. Ehrlich, PNAS 2002;99 6070-6074
      5. Neurotrophin Secretion From Hippocampal Neurons Evoked By Long-Term-Potentiation-Inducing Electrical Stimulation Patterns, Annette Gartner, Volker Staiger, PNAS 2002;99 6386-6391
      6. Interactions Between Thalamic And Cortical Rhythms During Semantic Memory Recall In Human, Scott D. Slotnick, Lauren R. Moo, Michael A. Kraut, Ronald P. Lesser, John Hart, Jr., PNAS 2002;99 6440-6443
      7. Female Eavesdropping on Male Song Contests in Songbirds, Daniel J. Mennill, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, , Peter T. Boag, Science 2002 296: 873
      8. Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit, D. Vion, A. Aassime, A. Cottet, P. Joyez, H. Pothier, C. Urbina, D. Esteve, M. H. Devoret, Science 2002 296: 886
      9. Coherent Temporal Oscillations of Macroscopic Quantum States in a Josephson, Junction, Yang Yu, Siyuan Han, Xi Chu, Shih-I Chu, Zhen Wang, Science 2002 296: 889
      10. Mammal Population Losses and the Extinction Crisis, Gerardo Ceballos, Paul R. Ehrlich, Science 2002 296: 904
      11. A Single Climate Mover for Antarctica, Science 2002 296: 825
      12. Interpretation of Recent Southern Hemisphere Climate Change, David W. J. Thompson, Susan Solomon, Science 2002 296: 895-899
      13. Towards Bose--Einstein Condensation Of Excitons In Potential Traps, Lv Butov, Cw Lai, Al Ivanov, Ac Gossard, Ds Chemla, Nature 417, 47 - 52 (2002)
      14. Distribution Of Breaking Waves At The Ocean Surface, Wk Melville, P Matusov, Nature 417, 58 - 63 (2002)
      15. Biodiversity: Something New Under The Sea, Yan Boucher, W. Ford Doolittle, Nature 417, 27 - 28 (2002)
      16. A New Phylum Of Archaea Represented By A Nanosized Hyperthermophilic Symbiont, H Huber, Mj Hohn, R Rachel, T Fuchs, Vc Wimmer, Ko Stetter, Nature 417, 63 - 67 (2002)
      17. Intensive farming, US-style, Is Not Sustainable Worldwide, D S REAY
      18. Systematics: Old Insects In New Order, J Whitfield, Nature 417, 29 (2002)
      19. Neurobiology: The Amazing Astrocyte, C N Svendsen, Nature 417, 29 - 32 (2002)
      20. The Tiny Difference That Created The Universe, J. Maddock, Alphagalileo, 07 May, 2002
      21. Multitasking: Tallying The Cost Of Doing Too Much, A. S. Fox , CIO Magazine, CXO Media, Inc., March 15, 2002
      22. A Theory Of Complexity For Continuous Time Systems, Ben-Hur A., Siegelmann H.T., Fishman S., Journal Of Complexity, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 51-86(36) , March 2002
      23. Information Approach To Separation Of Chaotic Signals, Yu.V. Andreyev, A.S. Dmitriev, and E.V. Efremova, Nonlinear Phenomena In Complex Systems, Vol.5, No.1, pp.59-70, May 2002
      24. Sounds Of The Neighborhood: False Memories And The Structure Of The Phonological Lexicon, Westbury C., Buchanan L., Brown N.R., Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 622-651(30), April 2002
      25. Quantum Summation With An Application To Integration, Heinrich S., Journal of Complexity, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-50(50), March, 2002

       


    2. Webcast Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. New: Powell Voices Support for Scientific Contributions to U.S. Foreign Policy, 139th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 02/04/30
      2. Invisible Advantage Webcast, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02/05/15, Jon Low, Center for Business Innovation Senior Research Fellow, will preview his new book, Invisible Advantage
      3. Introducing Complexity, The University of Liverpool ,02/04/24, (mp3 web-cast and audio download, contributed by Carlos Gershenson)
      4. The Adaptive Enterprise in Action, The Center for Business Innovation, online until June 2002
      5. Protecting the Homeland Through Executive Leadership And Effective Communication, Princeton, NJ, 02/04/23

       


    3. Course Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Complexity, Chaos And Creativity, Masters Program Offered Through The Internet, The Academic Group 'Quadruple C' At The University Of Western Sydney
      2. Two Week Advanced Course and Supervised Study/Research in Complex Systems, July 2002, Cambridge, MA

        


    4. Conference Announcements Bookmark and Share

      A NAME=20.4>
      1. Understanding Complex Systems: Complexity In Physical And Biological Structures, Medicine & Ecology, U. Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, 02/05/13-15
      2. Mass Customisation: Strategies and Enabling Technology, U. Warwick, UK, 02/05/14-15
      3. ˇ§Search Theory, Invented Nowˇ¨, New Horizons in Search Theory, 2nd Workshop, Newport, Rhode Island, 02/05/21-23
      4. 2002 World Wireless Congress, San Francisco, USA, 02/05/28-31
      5. International Conference Ethics and Technological Complexity, Louvain-la-Neuve, 02/05/29-31
      6. International Conference SocioPhysics, ZIF - Bielefeld, Germany, 02/06/06-09
      7. International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2002), Nashua, NH, 02/06/9-14
      8. Sitges Conference "Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks", Sitges, Spain, 02/06/10-14
      9. 2nd International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL'02), Cambridge, Massachusetts USA, 02/06/12-15
      10. AES 22nd International Conference on Virtual, Synthetic And Entertainment Audio, Espoo, Finland, 02/06/15-17
      11. Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems, Samara, Russia, 02/06/17
      12. 3rd European Interdisciplinary School on Nonlinear Dynamics for System and Signal Analysis EUROATTRACTOR2002, Warsaw, 02/06/18-27
      13. International Conference: Emergence in Chemical Systems, University of Alaska Anchorage, 02/06/20-23
      14. Let's Face Chaos Through Nonlinear Dynamics, Maribor, Slovenia, 02/06/30 - 07/14
      15. 7th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition - ICMPC7, Sydney, 02/07/17-21
      16. 20th System Dynamics Conference: Organizational Change Dynamics - Understanding Systems, Managing Transformation, Palermo, Italy, 02/07/28-08/01
      17. Complexity and Philosophy, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA, 02/07/29-30
      18. 12th Ann Intl Conf Society For Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences: Chaos and Complexity in a Changing World, Portland, OR, USA, 02/08/01-04
      19. International Workshop on Meta-Synthesis and Complex Systems, Shanghai, China, 02/08/07-08
      20. Econophysics Conference, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 02/08/29-31
      21. Self-Organisation and Evolution of Social Behaviour, Monte Verità, Switzerland, 02/09/08-13
      22. Complex Systems (CS02) Complexity with Agent-Based Modeling, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, 02/09/10-12
      23. 3rd Intl NAISO Symposium on Engineering Of Intelligent Systems (EIS 20020), Malaga, Spain, 02/09/24-27
      24. Seminar on Non-equilibrium Phenomena and Phase Transitions in Complex Systems, Avila, Spain, 02/09/24-28.
      25. ACRI 2002, 5th Intl Conf on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, Geneva, Switzerland, 02/10/09-11 
      26. Dynamical Systems Methods for Advanced Diagnosis and Prognosis, 39th Annual Technical Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science, University Park, Pennsylvania, 02/10/13-16
      27. 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning (SEAL'02), 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'02), International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'02), Singapore, 02/11/18-22
      28. Managing the Complex IV, Naples , FL, Early December 2002
      29. Artificial Life VIII, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, 02/12/09-13
      30. Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences (HICSS-36), Big Island, Hawaii, 03/01/06-09
      31. 21st ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education, Hong Kong, 03/06/01-05

Also available in: Simple HTML format | TXT format | TXT format with links | Print