Complexity Digest 2002.06

11-Feb-2002

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Content

  1. Balance: Mind-Grasping Gravity, Nature
  2. Watching How the Brain Grows, The Scientist
  3. Eye See, Nature Reviews Neuroscience
  4. Methodological Implications Of Complex Systems Approaches To Sociality: Simulation As A Foundation For Knowledge, JASSS
  5. Economic Performance, Inter-Firm Relations and Local Institutional Engineering in a Computational Prototype of Industrial Districts, JASSS
  6. Xenophobia and Social Closure: A Development of a Model from Coleman, JASSS
  7. Quantifying The Risk Of Extreme Seasonal Precipitation Events In A Changing Climate, Nature
    1. Climate Science: The Investment Forecast, Nature
    2. Increasing Risk Of Great Floods In A Changing Climate, Nature
  8. Aerosol Effect on Cloud Droplet Size Monitored from Satellite, Science
  9. Oceanography: A Slower Flow, Nature
    1. Evidence for Strengthening of the Tropical General Circulation in the 1990s
  10. Drillers Dig Deep For Microbes Under The Sea Floor, Nature
    1. Microbiological Oceanography: Hidden In A Sea Of Microbes, Nature
    2. Unsuspected Diversity Among Marine Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Nature
  11. Structural Identification Of A Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Signal Containing Boron, Nature
  12. Biomechanics: Dinosaur Locomotion From A New Trackway, Nature
  13. Topologically Protected Quantum Bits Using Josephson Junction Arrays, Nature
  14. Growth Of Nanowire Superlattice Structures For Nanoscale Photonics And Electronics, Nature
  15. On The Complexity Of Computing And Learning With Multiplicative Neural Networks, Neural Comp.
    1. A Neural-Network-Based Approach to the Double Traveling Salesman Problem, Neural Comp.
  16. Synchronization In Small-World Dynamical Networks, Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos
  17. Robot Wars For Real, BBC News
  18. Record Keeping at Enron, Darwin Mag
    1. Report Blasts Enron Partnerships, CNN
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. France Raises Terror War Concerns, CNN
    2. Beijing Blasts Bush On 'Axis Of Evil', CNN
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Santa Fe Institute Working Papers
    2. Other Papers
    3. Conference Announcements

  1. Balance: Mind-Grasping Gravity, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Balance is so central to every activity, both of the body and the mind, that it is simply taken for granted. It is imbalance (disturbance, perturbation) that captures attention, (...). As the concept of balance applies smoothly across the entire range of human endeavor, it would be parsimonious to assume a direct connection between the concrete and the abstract, on the basis of compatible neural hardware in the brain. Is the mind's balance, and hence its functioning, derived from that of the body?

  2. Watching How the Brain Grows, The Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: With this tool, Thompson and coworkers compared the brains of children from 3 to 15 years old, scanned at varying intervals-from 2 weeks to 4 years-and found a complex pattern of growth and loss in the developing brain. In children ages 3 to 6, the greatest growth occurs in the frontal lobes, which are responsible for learning new skills and being able to think ahead. In older children, 7 to 15 years, the isthmus, which houses the language centers, showed the greatest activity.

  3. Eye See, Nature Reviews Neuroscience Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Contributing Editor's Note: The following excerpt is review of one important work related to eye disease caused by degeneration of photoreceptors. The death of retinal cells can be due to defects in the underlying retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The aim of the research is to find if such cells can be implanted. So far the experiments are carried on Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, results are very promising.

    Excerpts: The photoreceptors of rats die during the first three weeks after birth. (...) implanted cells from an immortalized human RPE cell line into the three-week-old rats, then monitored their visual ability and the responses of neurons in their visual cortex, to assess the effects of the gradual degeneration of photoreceptors and implantation of the RPE cells on central processing mechanisms.

    Several weeks after implantation, the treated rats were as good as control rats at tracking moving stripes and distinguishing between stripe patterns (...).

    When the eyes of the grafted animals were examined, they had around half as many photoreceptors as normal rats.

    • Eye See, R. Jones, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 3 No. 2, 87, February 2002
    • Contributed by Atin Das

  4. Methodological Implications Of Complex Systems Approaches To Sociality: Simulation As A Foundation For Knowledge, JASSS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Contributing Editor's Note: As with any complex system, it is very difficult to contrast directly scientific theories with societies. But simulations (computer, robotic, numerical) allow us to contrast complex theories in a synthetic way, instead of having to conform with rhetorical arguments.

    Abstract: There is growing advocacy for the adoption of computational methods as a substitute for, or complement to, traditional research methods, particularly for examining social phenomena derivative of organized complexity. This paper examines some of the reasons for this advocacy and the specific advantages of the method for studying such phenomena. It considers also the limitations and problems that need to be addressed if the method is to gain wider acceptance. In joining in the advocacy of these techniques, a framework is proposed which can assist with the incorporation of computational techniques in a broader methodological mix. Such a mix has the potential to harness the strengths of the method while offsetting some of its weaknesses.


  5. Economic Performance, Inter-Firm Relations and Local Institutional Engineering in a Computational Prototype of Industrial Districts, JASSS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Industrial districts can be conceived as complex systems characterized by a network of interactions amongst heterogeneous, localized, functionally integrated and complementary firms. In a previous paper, we have introduced an industrial district computational prototype, showing that the economic performance of an industrial district proceeds to the form through which firms interact and co-ordinate each others. In this paper, we use such computational framework to experiment different options of 'local institutional engineering', trying to understand how specific 'supporting institutions' could perform macro-collective activities, such as, i.e., technology research, transfer and information, improving the technological adaptation of firms. Is a district more than a simple aggregation of localized firms? What can explain the economic performance of firms localized into the same space? Could some options of 'local institutional engineering' improve the performance of a district? Could such options set aside the problem of how firms dynamically interact? These are questions explored in this paper.

  6. Xenophobia and Social Closure: A Development of a Model from Coleman, JASSS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The study builds on the results of an article from James Coleman entitled 'Norm-Generating Structures'. In this article Coleman considers whether cooperative behavior establishes itself through evolution as the norm in a social group when group members encounter foreigners occasionally. Since people cooperate in closed social groups the question that Coleman asks is: in what ways cooperation with foreigners depends on the degree of social closure? In the article mentioned above Coleman is only able to outline the answer to this question. The goal of this contribution is to broaden Coleman's model and completely answer the question, whereby it will become clear that Coleman's results only represent a special case. In general the evolution of cooperation with foreigners is unpredictable, but a low level of xenophobia can be established through evolution under a broad range of circumstances.

  7. Quantifying The Risk Of Extreme Seasonal Precipitation Events In A Changing Climate, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide will almost certainly lead to changes in global mean climate. But because-by definition-extreme events are rare, it is significantly more difficult to quantify the risk of extremes. (…) We estimate that the probability of total boreal winter precipitation exceeding two standard deviations above normal will increase by a factor of five over parts of the UK over the next 100 years. We find similar increases in probability for the Asian monsoon region in boreal summer, with implications for flooding in Bangladesh.

    1. Climate Science: The Investment Forecast, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: New studies predict that the risk of extreme rainfall over Europe and Asian monsoon regions is increasing, with more floods likely worldwide. (…)

      At least part of this change is caused by anthropogenic emissions (…)

      Changes in extreme climate, such as hot spells, droughts or floods, potentially have a much greater impact on society than changes in mean climate, such as summertime temperature averaged over several decades. So the ability to assess future risks associated with extreme events is increasingly important to policy-makers.


    2. Increasing Risk Of Great Floods In A Changing Climate, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Here we investigate the changes in risk of great floods-that is, floods with discharges exceeding 100-year levels from basins larger than 200,000 km2-using both streamflow measurements and numerical simulations of the anthropogenic climate change (…). We find that the frequency of great floods increased substantially during the twentieth century. The recent emergence of a statistically significant positive trend in risk of great floods is consistent with results from the climate model, and the model suggests that the trend will continue.


  8. Aerosol Effect on Cloud Droplet Size Monitored from Satellite, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Aerosol concentration and cloud droplet radii derived from space-borne measurements are used to explore the effect of aerosols on cloud microphysics. Cloud droplet size is found to be largest (14 micrometers) over remote tropical oceans and smallest (6 micrometers) over highly polluted continental areas. Small droplets are also present in clouds downwind of continents. By using estimates of droplet radii coupled with aerosol load, a statistical mean relationship is derived. (…) This study reveals that the effect of aerosols on cloud microphysics is significant and occurs on a global scale.

  9. Oceanography: A Slower Flow, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The deep 'overturning' circulation in the North Atlantic, in which northward-flowing surface water sinks at high latitudes and flows back at depth, may not be fully understood, but its existence has long been public knowledge. (…) Only in the 1990s were two shallow overturning circulation cells discovered, lying on either side of the Equator. (…) M. J. McPhaden and D. Zhang have now produced an analysis of historical data to show that both cells have been slowing since the 1970s.

    1. Evidence for Strengthening of the Tropical General Circulation in the 1990s Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Satellite observations suggest that the thermal radiation emitted by Earth to space increased by more than 5 watts per square meter, while reflected sunlight decreased by less than 2 watts per square meter, in the tropics over the period 1985-2000, with most of the increase occurring after 1990. By analyzing temporal changes in the frequency of occurrence of emitted thermal and reflected solar fluxes, the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation are minimized, and an independent longer-time-scale variation of the radiation budget is identified.


  10. Drillers Dig Deep For Microbes Under The Sea Floor, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Microbes that live beneath the sea floor are the core issue for the latest expedition in the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), (…).

    Microbes living in seafloor sediment are thought to make up between one-tenth and one-third of all the living organisms on the planet, but very little is known about them. One of the expedition's goals is to find out how the microbes manage to survive in such an unpromising environment. (…)

    "If one-third of life is in the sea floor, why is there so little respiration?" (...)


    1. Microbiological Oceanography: Hidden In A Sea Of Microbes, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The photosynthetic activities of bacteria in the oceans are more diverse than previously thought. A full picture of the marine energy budget will require their separate contributions to be teased apart.

      Green plants have been using oxygenic photosynthesis, in which oxygen is released, for more than 3 billion years. But there are two other non-oxygenic photosynthetic pathways, used not by green plants, but by certain bacteria. One pathway is known as anaerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis (AnAnP), because it can occur in the absence of oxygen; (...)


    2. Unsuspected Diversity Among Marine Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Aerobic, anoxygenic, phototrophic bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchla) require oxygen for both growth and Bchla synthesis. Recent reports suggest that these bacteria are widely distributed in marine plankton, and that they may account for up to 5% of surface ocean photosynthetic electron transport and 11% of the total microbial community. (…) Here we report genomic analyses of the photosynthetic gene content and operon organization in naturally occurring marine bacteria. (…) indicating that the newly identified phototrophs were photosynthetically competent.


  11. Structural Identification Of A Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Signal Containing Boron, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Cell-cell communication in bacteria is accomplished through the exchange of extracellular signalling molecules called autoinducers. This process, termed quorum sensing, allows bacterial populations to coordinate gene expression. Community cooperation probably enhances the effectiveness of processes such as bioluminescence, virulence factor expression, antibiotic production and biofilm development. Unlike other autoinducers, which are specific to a particular species of bacteria, a recently discovered autoinducer (AI-2) is produced by a large number of bacterial species. (…)

    Our findings suggest that addition of naturally occurring borate to an AI-2 precursor generates active AI-2.


  12. Biomechanics: Dinosaur Locomotion From A New Trackway, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: We have discovered a unique dual-gauge trackway from a bipedal theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic in this locality, which indicates that these large theropods were able to run and that they used different hindlimb postures for walking and running. Our findings have implications for the biomechanics and evolution of theropod locomotion.

    The Ardley trackways are preserved on a single horizon of the Middle Bathonian (163 million years old) white-limestone formation and include those from large theropods and at least two types of sauropod dinosaur.


  13. Topologically Protected Quantum Bits Using Josephson Junction Arrays, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: All physical implementations of quantum bits (or qubits, the logical elements in a putative quantum computer) must overcome conflicting requirements: the qubits should be manipulable through external signals, while remaining isolated from their environment. (…) Here we show how strongly correlated systems (…) can be used in the construction of topologically stable qubits; we discuss their implementation using Josephson junction arrays. Although the complexity of their architecture challenges the technology base available today, such topological qubits greatly benefit from their built-in fault-tolerance.

  14. Growth Of Nanowire Superlattice Structures For Nanoscale Photonics And Electronics, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The assembly of semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes into nanoscale devices and circuits could enable diverse applications in nanoelectronics and photonics1. Individual semiconducting nanowires have already been configured as field-effect transistors, photodetectors and bio/chemical sensors. More sophisticated light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (…) have been realized using both n- and p-type semiconducting nanowires or nanotubes. The n- and p-type materials have been incorporated in these latter devices either by crossing p- and n-type nanowires or by lithographically defining distinct p- and n-type regions in nanotubes, although both strategies limit device complexity.

  15. On The Complexity Of Computing And Learning With Multiplicative Neural Networks, Neural Comp. Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: In a great variety of neuron models, neural inputs are combined using the summing operation. We introduce the concept of multiplicative neural networks that contain units that multiply their inputs instead of summing them and thus allow inputs to interact nonlinearly. (…)

    We investigate the complexity of computing and learning for multiplicative neural networks. In particular, we derive upper and lower bounds on the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension and the pseudo-dimension for various types of networks with multiplicative units.


    1. A Neural-Network-Based Approach to the Double Traveling Salesman Problem, Neural Comp. Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: The double traveling salesman problem is a variation of the basic traveling salesman problem where targets can be reached by two salespersons operating in parallel. The real problem addressed by this work concerns the optimization of the harvest sequence for the two independent arms of a fruit-harvesting robot. This application poses further constraints, like a collision-avoidance function.

      The proposed solution is based on a self-organizing map structure, initialized with as many artificial neurons as the number of targets to be reached.


  16. Synchronization In Small-World Dynamical Networks, Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: We investigate synchronization in a network of continuous-time dynamical systems with small-world connections. The small-world network is obtained by randomly adding a small fraction of connection in an originally nearest-neighbor coupled network. We show that, for any given coupling strength and a sufficiently large number of cells, the small-world dynamical network will synchronize, even if the original nearest-neighbor coupled network cannot achieve synchronization under the same condition.

  17. Robot Wars For Real, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: For the experiment, the robots have been divided into predators and prey.

    The prey robots are small gray metal creatures on wheels that get their energy by positioning their solar panels near sources of light.

    The larger predator robots get their energy by locating and hunting down the prey to extract their battery power. (…)

    Scientists hope the experiment will reveal that these robots have the ability to use their accumulated experiences to enable them to develop improved escape routines and more complex hunting strategies.


  18. Record Keeping at Enron, Darwin Mag Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: If the government is clever they might be able to go in and find a lot of information anyway electronically. Because, unless Enron folks are every clever, there may be a lot of duplication of what they're shredding somewhere on backup. It was done on a computer somewhere. It's a matter of how quickly you can find it. If one of these record management systems had been put in place, it all would be very easy to find. And even if you couldn't find a particular document, you'd have audit trails telling you who touched it, who viewed it and who destroyed it.

    1. Report Blasts Enron Partnerships, CNN Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: "Many of the most significant transactions apparently were designed to accomplish favorable financial statement results, not to achieve bona fide economic objectives or transfer risk," the analysis concluded.

      That effort, combined with how critical the partnerships were to Enron's finances, "should have raised red flags for senior management, as well as for Enron's outside auditors and lawyers."

      Enron set up hundreds of partnerships to move debt and losses of its balance sheet. Such partnerships are legal, if structured according to present accounting rules.


  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. France Raises Terror War Concerns, CNN Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: A senior French government minister has attacked the U.S. approach to fighting terrorism as "simplistic."

      Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine told France Inter radio on Wednesday: "We are friends of the United States, we are friends of that people and we will remain so.

      "But we are threatened today by a new simplism which consists in reducing everything to the war on terrorism.

      "That is their approach, but we cannot accept that idea. You have got to tackle the root causes, the situations, poverty, injustice."


    2. Beijing Blasts Bush On 'Axis Of Evil', CNN Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Xinhua news agency on Sunday quoted Wang as saying in a security conference in Munich that the fight against terrorism should be "clearly targeted and that it should avoid hurting innocent people."

      "We should boost mutual understanding and dialogue among different countries and peoples," he said, adding it was not proper to exacerbate the contradictions among civilizations.

      The official media on Monday also carried the views of politicians and parliamentarians from countries including Russia, Germany and the U.K., opposing Bush's stance on the three axis countries.


  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Santa Fe Institute Working Papers Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Demand Storage, Market Liquidity, and Price Volatility, Marcus G. Daniels, J. Doyne Farmer, Giulia Iori, and Eric Smith, SFI WP 02-01-001
      2. A Comparison of Evolutionary and Coevolutionary Search, Ludo Pagie and Melanie Mitchell, SFI WP 02-01-002
        >

    2. Other Papers Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Govt. Report: Internet Use Is Growing, Peter Kaplan, Reuters, 02/02/05
      2. IM Is Here. RU Prepared?, Instant Messaging Software Isn't Just For Teenagers, DarwinMag, 02/02/01
      3. Say Everything, There's More To The Story Than Plain Text With Multimedia Messaging, DarwinMag, 02/02/01
      4. Mutual Synergistic Folding In Recruitment Of CBP/p300 by p160 Nuclear Receptor Coactivators, S J Demarest, M Martinez-Yamout, J Chung, H Chen, W Xu, H J Dyson, R M Evans & P E Wright, Nature 415, 549 (2002)
      5. Magnetic Brain Therapy To Aid Depression, Charles Choi, Upi Science News, 02/02/01
      6. The Increase in Chip Speed Is Accelerating, Not Slowing, Kurzweil AI Net, 02/02/01
      7. Stem Cells From Embryo Created Without Sperm, Kurzweil AI Net, 02/02/01
      8. Stress Relief Caused Giant's Causeway, Philip Ball, Nature Science Update, 02/01/28
      9. Scientists at Economic Forum See Grim Future, Kurzweil AI Net, 02/02/01
      10. Is Human Evolution Finally Over?, Kurzweil AI Net, 02/02/03
      11. Shocked Into Walking, Kurzweil AI Net, 02/01/31
      12. Cardiac Interbeat Interval Dynamics From Childhood to Senescence : Comparison of Conventional and New Measures Based on Fractals and Chaos Theory, Sirkku M. Pikkujamsa, Timo H. Makikallio, Leif B. Sourander, Ismo, J. Raiha, Pauli Puukka, Jarmo Skytta, Chung-Kang Peng, Ary L.Goldberger, Heikki V. Huikuri,Circulation 1999 July 27; 100(4): p. 393-399
      13. Altered Complexity and Correlation Properties of R-R Interval Dynamics Before the Spontaneous Onset of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation, Saila Vikman, Timo H. Makikallio, Sinikka Yli-Mayry, Sirkku, Pikkujamsa, Anna-Maija Koivisto, Pekka Reinikainen, K. E. Juhani, Airaksinen, Heikki V. Huikuri, Circulation 1999, November 16; 100(20): p. 2079-2084
      14. Fingerprint Evidence -- Under Judicial Assault -- Unlikely To Be Replaced By DNA Profiling For Criminal Identification, Cornell Press Release, 02/01/24
      15. Flexibility And Packing In Proteins, Bertil Halle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002 February 5; 99(3): p. 1274-1279
      16. Antarctic Climate Cooling And Terrestrial Ecosystem Response, Peter T. Doran, John C. Priscu, W. Berry Lyons, John E. Walsh, Andrew G. Fountain, Diane M. Mcknight, Daryl L. Moorhead, Ross A. Virginia, Diana H. Wall, Gary D. Clow, Christian H. Fritsen, Christopher P. Mckay, Andrew N. Parsons, DOI: 10.1038, Nature 415, 710 (2002)
      17. Calcium Signaling: A Tale For All Seasons, Ernesto Carafoli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002 February 5; 99(3): p. 1115-1122
      18. The Origin Of The Eukaryotic Cell: A Genomic Investigation, Hyman Hartman, Alexei Fedorov, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002 February 5; 99(3): p. 1420-1425
      19. Pheromone Reception:When in Doubt, Mice Mate Rather Than Hate, Mary Beckman, Science 295: 782a
      20. Mathematics In Film:Beautiful Mind's Math Guru Makes Truth = Beauty, Dana Mackenzie, Science 295: 789-791
      21. Neural Spaces as a General Framework for the Understanding of Cognition, Shimon Edelman, Cornell Department of Psychology, The Experimental Epistemology Project Cornell Computer Science Colloquium, 2/7/02
      22. Self or Selves? Dissociative Identity Disorder and Complexity of the Self-System, Oppenheimer, L., Theory And Psychology, 2002; Vol 12; Part 1, 97-128
      23. Examining the Effect of Complexity in Strategic Group Knowledge Structures on Firm Performance, McNamara, G. M.; Luce, R. A.; Tompson, G. H., Strategic Management Journal, 2002; Vol 23; Part 2, 153-170
      24. Efficient Complexity Reduction Approaches for Hierarchical Performance Models, Ghareb, F.; Abdel Maksoud, E.; Fergany, T.; Ammar, R. A., International Conference On Computers And Their Applications, 2001; 16TH, 82-87
      25. Direct Imaging Of Single-Molecules: From Dynamics Of A Single DNA Chain To The Study Of Complex DNA-Protein Interactions, Ladoux, B.; Quivy, J.-P.; Doyle, P. S.; Almouzni, G.; Viovy, J.-L., Science Progress, 2001; Vol 84; Part 4, 267-290
      26. Stability and Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation in the Past and Future: A Study With a Coupled Model Of Intermediate Complexity, Ganopolski, A.; Rahmstorf, S., Geophysical Monograph- American Geophysical Union, 2001; Vol 126, 261-276
      27. The Incident Command System: High-Reliability Organizing for Complex and Volatile Task Environments, Bigley, G. A.; Roberts, K. H., Academy Of Management Journal, 2001; Vol 44; Part 6, 1281-1300
      28. Theoretical Approaches in Software Complexity Metrics, Chiemeke, S. C.; Oladipupo, A. O., African Journal Of Science And Technology, 2001; Vol 2; Part 2, 101-107
      29. Visualizing Complex Notions of Time, Kosara, R.; Miksch, S., Studies In Health Technology And Informatics, 2001; Issu 84; Part 1, 211-215
      30. Consuming Computational Complexity By Space-Time Fanout In Optical Computing [4471-20], Caulfield, H. J., Proceedings- Spie The International Society For Optical Engineering, 2001; Issu 4471, 201-207
      31. Extended Target Correlation Tracking Algorithm Based On Moment Invariants In Complex Environment [4554-18], Zhang, K.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Q., Proceedings- Spie The International Society For Optical Engineering, 2001; Issu 4554, 221-226
      32. A Question Of Grooming, M. Patterson, Nature Reviews Neuroscience Vol 3 No 2, 87, February 2002
      33. Hoxb8 Is Required For Normal Grooming Behavior In Mice, J. M. Greer & M. R. Capecchi, Neuron 3;33(1):23-34, 2002 January
      34. Keeping In Step, R. Jones, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 3 No 2, 84, February 2002
      35. Neuronal Coordination Of Arm And Leg Movements During Human Locomotion, V. Dietz, K. Fouad and C. M. Bastiaanse, European J. Neuroscience, Vol. 14 Issue 11, pp. 1906, December 2001
      36. Brain Areas Involved In Interlimb Coordination: A Distributed Network, F. Debaere, S. P. Swinnen, E. Béatse, S. Sunaert, P. Van Hecke, J. Duysens, NeuroImage, Vol. 14, No. 5, November 1, 2001


    3. Conference Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. Winter Chaos 2002, Brattleboro VT, 02/02/8-10
      2. 1st annual Conference on the Convergence of Nano- and Bio- Technology, San Diego, CA, 02/02/11-12
      3. Technology, Entertainment and Design (TED 12), Monterey, CA, 02/02/20-23
      4. ASPS [American Studies Project at Skeria] Seminar, Globalization and Business Cultures, Skellefteå, Sweden, 02/02/15-
      5. Physik Sozio-Oekonomischer Systeme, Regensburg, Germany, 02/03/11-15
      6. Capturing Business Complexity with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation, Argonne National Laboratory, Il. 02/03/04-08
      7. SwarmFest 2002: Sixth Annual Swarm Users Meeting, Seattle, 02/03/29-31
      8. AIS'2002: Towards Component-Based Modeling and Simulation, Lisbon, Portugal, 02/04/07-10
      9. Modeling & Simulation of Microsystems (MSM 2002) & Intl. Conf on Comp Nano Science (ICCN 2002), San Juan, Puerto Rico, 02/04/22-25
      10. World Conference NL 2002 - Networked Learning in a Global Environment: Challenges and Solutions for Virtual Education, Berlin, Germany, 02/05/01-04
      11. International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2002), Nashua, NH, 02/06/9-14
      12. International Conference SocioPhysics, ZIF - Bielefeld, Germany, 02/06/06-09
      13. 2nd International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL'02), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA, 02/06/12-15
      14. 7th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition - ICMPC7, Sydney, 02/07/17-21
      15. Self-Organisation and Evolution of Social Behaviour, Monte Verità, Switzerland, 02/09/08-13
      16. Complex Systems (CS02) Complexity with Agent-Based Modeling, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, 02/09/10-12
      17. 3rd Intl NAISO Symposium on Engineering Of Intelligent Systems (EIS 20020), Malaga, Spain, 02/09/24-27
      18. ACRI 2002, 5th Intl Conf on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, Geneva, Switzerland, 02/10/09-11
      19. Artificial Life VIII, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, 02/12/09-13

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