Complexity Digest 2001.43

22-Oct-2001

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Content

  1. Bringing Computers To Life, BBC News
    1. Using Humans As A Computer Model, NYTimes
  2. Non-Metallic Magnet Could Be Dream Computer Memory, New Scientist
    1. A Magnet Made From Carbo, Hierarchyn, Nature
    2. Magnetic Carbon, Nature
  3. IBM's Carbon Nanotube FET Hints At Post-Silicon Circuits, EE Times
  4. Self-Assembled Monolayer Organic Field-Effect Transistors, Nature
    1. It All Falls Into Place..., Nature
    2. It Works: Really Super Tiny Chips, Wired News
  5. The Concept Of Self-Organization In Cellular Architecture, J. Cell Biol
  6. Lattice Effects Observed in Chaotic Dynamics of Experimental Populations, Science
  7. Birds Fly In The Face Of 'Green' Farming Incentive Scheme, Nature
  8. Energy Saving In Flight Formation, Nature
    1. Fat And Formation In Flight, Nature
  9. Dynamics Of Rumor Propagation On Small-World Networks, arXiv
  10. A Precursor Of The Sciences Of Complexity In The XIX Century, arXiv
  11. Emergence of on a Network of Complementary Agents, arXiv
  12. Bad Weather Could Be Forecast Months Ahead, New Scientist
    1. Getting a Handle on The North's 'El Niño', Science
    2. Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes, Science
  13. They Waved Bye to Surf Idea, Wired News
  14. Multiprotein Complex Signaling And The Plasticity Problem, Neurobiology
  15. Neuroimaging Of Visual Awareness, Neurobiology
  16. Signalling Mechanisms, Neurobiology
  17. Quantum Stew: How Physicists Are Redefining Reality's Rules, NYTimes
  18. Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium on Adaptive Agents, Intelligence and Emergent Human Organization, Video Excerpts
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. Lacking A Center, Terrorist Networks Are Hard To Find, Let Alone Fight, NYTimes
    2. Was The Attack Terrorism Or Legitimate War Act?, eTaiwanNews.com,
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Articles
    2. Conference Announcements

  1. Bringing Computers To Life, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: IBM has unveiled an ambitious initiative to develop technologies that share the basic biological abilities of living organisms.

    Senior researchers at the company said the growing complexity of computers and networks demands that the technology does a better job of maintaining and healing itself.

    The researchers warn that without these efforts there is a danger that networks will soon become unmanageable.

    The company is backing its initiative with its own research program, a series of grants to universities and efforts to make other computer companies sign up.


    1. Using Humans As A Computer Model, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: (...) the way to handle the complexity problem is to create computer systems and software that can respond to changes in the digital environment, so the systems can adapt, heal themselves and protect themselves. Only then, he adds, will the need be reduced for constant human maintenance, fixing and debugging of computer systems.

      (…) The services arm of I.B.M., he notes, has been growing by about 15,000 people a year the last five years. "They're all managing the complexity we've created in the information technology industry," (…)

      Editor's Note: This view implies a loss of human control over the increasingly autonomous computers and the dilemma that there might emerge a conflict of interest between humans and computers.


  2. Non-Metallic Magnet Could Be Dream Computer Memory, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: A transparent, flexible magnetic material made from an exotic form of carbon could turn out to be the dream computer memory. The substance, which was discovered accidentally by a Russian physicist hunting for high-temperature superconductors, is the first non-metallic magnet to work at room temperature.

    Tatiana Makarova, working at Umeå University in Sweden, discovered the material while experimenting with buckyballs, football-shaped molecules made up of 60 carbon atoms. (…)

    Organic magnets could be important because they are much lighter than their metallic cousins.


    1. A Magnet Made From Carbo, Hierarchyn, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Conventional wisdom says that magnetic materials have to contain some metallic atoms. So the discovery of a type of pure carbon that is magnetic at room temperature is bound to invite controversy. (…)

      But scientists are also interested in developing magnets from molecular materials whose constituent atoms are non-metallic. Such metal-free magnets would be electrical insulators (reducing energy losses in some applications) (…)

      Although a handful of metal-free magnets have been discovered to date, their magnetic properties occur only at very low temperatures.


    2. Magnetic Carbon, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The discovery of nanostructured forms of molecular carbon has led to renewed interest in the varied properties of this element. (…). Recent experiments and theoretical studies have suggested that electronic instabilities in pure graphite may give rise to superconducting and ferromagnetic properties, even at room temperature. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of strong magnetic signals in rhombohedral C60. Our intention was to search for superconductivity in polymerized C60; however, it appears that our high-pressure, high-temperature polymerization process results in a magnetically ordered state.

      • Magnetic Carbon, Tatiana L. Makarova, Bertil Sundqvist, Roland Hohn¡, Pablo Esquinazi, Yakov Kopelevich, Peter Scharff, Valerii A. Davydov, Ludmila S. Kashevarova, Aleksandra V. Rakhmanina, Nature 413, 716 - 718 (2001)

  3. IBM's Carbon Nanotube FET Hints At Post-Silicon Circuits, EE Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: IBM Corp.'s manufacture of a top-gate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) is a key breakthrough in post-silicon circuit design, (…). Separately, another key researcher challenged the international research community to develop nanometer-scale magnets.

    IBM's CNTFET places an independent gate just above a carbon nanotube that connects a FET's source and drain, potentially yielding "more than one order of magnitude better performance" than back-gate CNTFETs, said Phaedon Avouris, manager of nanometer scale science and technology at IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center (Yorktown Heights, N.Y.).


  4. Self-Assembled Monolayer Organic Field-Effect Transistors, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Single molecule devices are expected to have interesting electronic properties, (…)

    Here, we demonstrate gain for electronic transport perpendicular to a single molecular layer ( 10-20 Å) by using a third gate electrode. Our experiments with field-effect transistors based on self-assembled monolayers demonstrate conductance modulation of more than five orders of magnitude. In addition, inverter circuits have been prepared that show a gain as high as six. The fabrication of monolayer transistors and inverters might represent an important step towards molecular-scale electronics.


    1. It All Falls Into Place..., Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Researchers working on molecular self-assembly have never lacked ambition, but their dreams of producing commercially viable devices always looked like a distant goal. (…)

      Imagine a future in which computers build themselves. The nanoscale components of these machines would simply be brought together in solution and stirred gently. By tweaking the chemistry of the components so that some are attracted to each other, while others are repelled, the individual parts would assemble themselves, as if by magic, into a working whole.


    2. It Works: Really Super Tiny Chips, Wired News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: (…) primary challenge in creating such tiny chips is working with "minuscule electrodes that are separated from each other by one and two nanometers, a mere molecule or two."

      The Bell Labs researchers were able to overcome this problem by using a "self-assembly" technique. The scientists made an organic solution that was poured over the chips that enabled the molecules to find the electrodes on their own and attach themselves.

      This self-assembly technique was the key to reducing the transistor's channel length.


  5. The Concept Of Self-Organization In Cellular Architecture, J. Cell Biol Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: In vivo microscopy has recently revealed the dynamic nature of many cellular organelles. The dynamic properties of several cellular structures are consistent with a role for self-organization in their formation, maintenance, and function; therefore, self-organization might be a general principle in cellular organization

  6. Lattice Effects Observed in Chaotic Dynamics of Experimental Populations, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Animals and many plants are counted in discrete units. (…) Despite this fact, many mathematical population models assume a continuum of system states. The complex dynamics, such as chaos, often displayed by such continuous-state models have stimulated much ecological research; yet discrete-state models with bounded population size can display only cyclic behavior. (…) Rather, the observed dynamics are explained by a stochastic blending of the chaotic dynamics predicted by the continuous-state model and the cyclic dynamics predicted by the discrete-state models.

  7. Birds Fly In The Face Of 'Green' Farming Incentive Scheme, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The effectiveness of schemes that seek to promote biodiversity by paying farmers to cut back on intensive agriculture could be called into question by some research findings from Holland.

    The incentive programmes, which already cost the European Union 1.7 billion euros (US$1.5 billion) each year and are rapidly expanding in scope, are partly motivated by the desire of European governments to subsidize farming without promoting the overproduction of food. But the programmes have been publicly justified by claims that they will help to restore ecological biodiversity on farmland.


  8. Energy Saving In Flight Formation, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Many species of large bird fly together in formation, perhaps because flight power demands and energy expenditure can be reduced (..), or because orientation is improved by communication within groups. We have measured heart rates as an estimate of energy expenditure in imprinted great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) trained to fly in 'V' formation, and show that these birds save a significant amount of energy by flying in formation. This advantage is probably a principal reason for the evolution of flight formation in large birds that migrate in groups.

    1. Fat And Formation In Flight, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The idea that flying in formation gives significant aerodynamic benefit dates back to a 1914 paper (…).The wake vortices force air downwards in the region behind the wing, but air is forced upwards outside the wake. Wieselsberger realized that this principle should apply to birds just as it did to aircraft, and that a group of birds could exploit the updraft to fly more cheaply if they adopted a V-shaped formation in which each bird flies in the up-current generated by the one in front.


  9. Dynamics Of Rumor Propagation On Small-World Networks, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: We study the dynamics of an epidemic-like model for the spread of a rumor on a small-world network. It has been shown that this model exhibits a transition between regimes of localization and propagation at a finite value of the network randomness. Here, by numerical means, we perform a quantitative characterization of the evolution in the two regimes. The variant of dynamic small worlds, where the quenched disorder of small-world networks is replaced by randomly changing connections between individuals, is also analyzed in detail and compared with a mean-field approximation.

  10. A Precursor Of The Sciences Of Complexity In The XIX Century, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The sciences of complexity present some recurrent themes: the emergence of qualitatively new behaviors in dissipative systems out of equilibrium, the apparent tendency of complex system to lie at the border of phase transitions and bifurcation points, a historical dynamics which present punctuated equilibrium, a tentative of complementing Darwinian evolution with certain ideas of progress (understood as increase of computational power) etc. Such themes, indeed, belong to a long scientific and philosophical tradition and, curiously, appear already in the work of Frederick Engels at the 70's of the XIX century. So, the apparent novelty of the sciences of complexity seems to be not situated in its fundamental ideas, but in the use of mathematical and computational models for illustrate, test and develop such ideas. Since politicians as the candidate Al Gore recently declared that the sciences of complexity have influenced strongly their worldview, perhaps it could be interesting to know better the ideas and the ideology related to the notion of complex adaptive systems.

  11. Emergence of on a Network of Complementary Agents, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Complementarity is one of the main features underlying the interactions in biological and biochemical systems. Inspired by those systems we propose a model for the dynamical evolution of a system composed by agents that interact due to their complementary attributes rather than their similarities. Each agent is represented by a bit-string and has an activity associated to it; the coupling among complementary peers depends on their activity. The connectivity of the system changes in time respecting the constraint of complementarity. We observe the formation of a network of active agents whose stability depends on the rate at which activity diffuses in the system. The model exhibits a non-equilibrium phase transition between the ordered phase, where a stable network is generated, and a disordered phase characterized by the absence of correlation among the agents. The ordered phase exhibits multi-modal distributions of connectivity and activity, indicating a hierarchy of interaction among different populations characterized by different degrees of activity. This model may be used to study the hierarchy observed in social organizations as well as in business and other networks.

  12. Bad Weather Could Be Forecast Months Ahead, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Weather is usually thought of as a chaotic system, but Mark Baldwin and Tim Dunkerton of Northwest Research Associates in Bellevue, Washington, have found strong correlations between bad weather in the northern hemisphere, and changes in air circulation in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is between 12 and 50 kilometres above the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

    The team says that cold and wintry weather at the Earth's surface tends to follow a weakening of the polar vortex, the stratospheric circulation of winds clockwise around the North Pole.


    1. Getting a Handle on The North's 'El Niño', Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The lowermost layer of Earth's atmosphere--the troposphere, the place where all the people live--is a forecaster's nightmare. Weather patterns are capable of jumping without respite or warning from one mode of operation to another. (…) Only El Niño had seemed able to lock the weather into one regime or another long enough for forecasters to anticipate prolonged periods of extreme winter weather weeks or months ahead. Now forecasters have the prospect of another, unlikely steadying influence on the weather: the wispy stratosphere overlying the troposphere.


    2. Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Observations show that large variations in the strength of the stratospheric circulation, (…) are followed by anomalous tropospheric weather regimes. During the 60 days after the onset of these events, average surface pressure maps resemble closely the Arctic Oscillation pattern. These stratospheric events also precede shifts in the probability distributions of extreme values of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, the location of storm tracks, and the local likelihood of mid-latitude storms. Our observations suggest that these stratospheric harbingers may be used as a predictor of tropospheric weather regimes.


  13. They Waved Bye to Surf Idea, Wired News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Editor's Note: Control of coastal dynamics through currents and waves can have major impact on beach erosion, which can have a significant social implications, especially in combination with sea-level rise.

    Excerpts: The reef was made of geotextile sandbags -- the type normally used to prevent landslides. (…)

    The reef is located so that it's never exposed, even when at the lowest tides.

    In the first part of the project 110 bags were laid and then, last April, another 90 were added as an additional $200,000 in funding was provided by the Coastal Conservancy.

    Although it looked as if it would work in computer models, in practice the reef failed to deliver the waves.


  14. Multiprotein Complex Signaling And The Plasticity Problem, Neurobiology Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Synaptic transmission of distinct patterns of spikes, or 'neural code', leads to plastic changes in synapses and other parts of the neuron, as well as learning in animals. Recent findings indicate that specialized multiprotein structures associated with neurotransmitter receptors and cell-adhesion proteins function as molecular devices that both read the neural code and initiate long-term changes in synaptic structure and function.

  15. Neuroimaging Of Visual Awareness, Neurobiology Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The immediacy and directness of our visual experience belies the complexity of the underlying neural mechanisms, which remain incompletely understood. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that activity in ventral visual cortex is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness. Experiments in both patients and normal subjects indicate that parietal and frontal areas make an important contribution to visual awareness, suggesting that reciprocal interactions between dorsal frontoparietal areas and ventral visual cortex may provide a fundamental neural substrate for conscious visual experience.

  16. Signalling Mechanisms, Neurobiology Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Discovery and dissection of the many molecular mechanisms thought to underlie neuronal signaling has continued to flourish in the second millenium. New insights into the array of primary signaling molecules, signal transduction complexes and downstream cascades elicit a more dynamic view of the molecular interactions required for establishing, maintaining and tuning synaptic connections. Recent work insists that we let go of old notions of pre- and post-synaptic proteins and of simple linear cascades in neuronal signaling events. (…) dynamic changes in multi-molecular complexes are at the heart of neuronal signaling mechanisms.

  17. Quantum Stew: How Physicists Are Redefining Reality's Rules, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: (...) they had briefly entangled two clouds consisting of trillions of cesium atoms. In one cloud most of the atoms were spinning one way; in the other cloud most were spinning, mirrorlike, in the opposite direction.

    Correlating groups of atoms this way may find a use in quantum computers, devices where calculations are performed using single atoms or particles as counters. (Think of them as quantum abacus beads.) Theoreticians have proved that a quantum computer, if one can be built, could solve problems now considered impossible.


  18. Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium on Adaptive Agents, Intelligence and Emergent Human Organization, Video Excerpts Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Editor's Note: These are short video notes of some of the workshop presentations. Because of copyright restrictions we cannot web-cast the full videos of these talks. Requests for the full tapes can be sent to editor@comdig.org and we will help to arrange copyright agreements with the copyright holders. To view these videos you can download the (free) RealPlayer.

    Why Decentralized Systems are Hard to Understand and How Their Inhabitants Make Sense of Them

    Susanne Lohmann, UCLA

    Foundations of New Social Science: Realism, Complexity, Dynamics, Agent-Based Models

    Bill McKelvey, UCLA

    A Multi-Stage, Competition Model for Emerging Complexity in Human Societal Organization

    Dwight Read, UCLA

    Software Agents and the Information Economy

    Jeffrey Kephart, IBM

    Trust and Cooperation in the USA and Japan

    Yoshimichi Sato, Cornell & Tohoku

    Equilibration and Principles of Equilibration in Laboratory Experimental Markets

    Charles Plott, Cal Tech

    Computational Organization Theory: A New Frontier

    Kathleen Carley, Carnegie Mellon

    Agent Based Modeling as a Means of Understanding Extinct Social Behavior

    George Gumerman, University of Arizona

    Policy Analysis from First Principles

    Scott Moss, Manchester, UK

    Promise and Peril of General Purpose Platforms for Agent-Based Computational Modeling

    Robert Axtell, The Brookings Institution

    Agent Based Methodologies for the Social Sciences: The Example of Operational Risk Management

    Eric Bonabeau, Icosystem Corp.

    Modeling Geopolitics with Agent-based Modeling in Repast

    Lars-Erik Cederman, Harvard

    Overcoming Design and Development Challenges in Agent-Based Modeling Using Ascape

    Mario Inchiosa, Biosgroup, Inc.


  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Editor's Notes: Edward Rothstein compares the global terrorist networks with the Internet, that was designed to withstand (nuclear) attacks against any of its nodes. Instead of an evil mastermind sitting at the center of a spider-web, such a decentralized, multiply connected network of loosely coupled agents would be hardly affected by traditional bombing raids as we observe them now in Afghanistan:
    "What if the network is designed so that if Mr. bin Laden were removed, the network would proceed unimpeded? What if the network is less hierarchical than it seems, so there are few if any agents with a complete overview of what is happening? Some people in intelligence have theorized that this was the case with some of the hijackers. How is this kind of network, a modified human version of the Internet, to be undermined, particularly given its intermeshing links with other terror networks with their own design?"

    1. Lacking A Center, Terrorist Networks Are Hard To Find, Let Alone Fight, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Immediately after the 9/11 attack it was called by some politicians an "act of war" against the United States, but at the same time it was also treated as a crime, committed by a group of terrorists against innocent people. Colin Green reminds us that already in 1996 Osama bin Laden and his organization had formally declared a Jihad or Holy War against the United States. He goes even farther and compares this attack with the more than one order of magnitude higher collateral damage of civilian lives during strategic bombings of cities in Germany and Japan during WW-II. Along the lines of Farmer's "parametric control" of the chaos of terrorism he suggests that the current US strategy could have unwanted side-effects:

      "(…)many of America's allies would feel more comfortable if the United States stopped treating the campaign against Osama bin Laden as some kind of moral crusade. We all know that one man's hero is another's villain, but Americans gain nothing by launching vitriolic attacks on the morality of Osama bin Laden's actions. His sympathizers abroad, the very people we are trying to win over, tend to see this type of rhetoric as merely another example of American hypocrisy, and it fuels their anger and resentment towards the West."

    2. Was The Attack Terrorism Or Legitimate War Act?, eTaiwanNews.com, Next Article Bookmark and Share

  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Machines And The Mind: Do Artificial Intelligence Systems Incorporate Intrinsic Meaning? Kendrick Kay, The Harvard Brain, Volume 8 ,Spring 2001
    2. Novelty, A Measure Of Creative Organization In Natural And Mathematical Time Series, H. Sabelli, Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2001
    3. Beyond The Human Genome, S. N. Young, J Psychiatry Neurosci 26(4):291-2, 2001
    4. Multifractal Structure of the Harmonic Measure of Diffusion Limited Aggregates, Mogens H. Jensen, Anders Levermann, Joachim Mathiesen, Itamar Procaccia, arXiv. Paper ID: cond-mat/0110203. 01/10/10
    5. A New Approach to Formal Language Theory by Kolmogorov Complexity, Ming Li and Paul Vitanyi, arXiv. Paper ID: cs.CC/0110040. 01/10/10
    6. How to Commission, Operate and Maintain a Large Future Accelerator Complex from Far Remote, P. Czarapata, D. Hartill, S. Myers, S. Peggs, N. Phinney, M. Serio, N. Toge, F. Willeke, C. Zhang, arXiv. Paper ID: cs.OH/0110029. 01/10/13
    7. Towards Solving the Interdisciplinary Language Barrier Problem, Sebastien Paquet, arXiv. Paper ID: cs.CY/0110041. 01/10/16
    8. Some Simple Physical Facts About The Collapse Of The Twin Towers, Juan Betancort-Rijo, arXiv, 01/10/15

    1. Other Articles Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Workshop On Interdisciplinary Studies And Complexity, National University of Mexico, 01/10/22-26
      2. 1st Asia-Pacific Conf On Web Intelligence, Maebashi TERRSA, Maebashi City, Japan, 01/10/23-26
      3. Peace Science Society (International) 2001 North American Meeting, Decatur, Georgia, 01/10/26-28
      4. 7th Annual Meeting Of Global Vision, Inc., Decatur, Georgia, 01/10/28
      5. The Impact of Complexity in Industry, Univ. Warwick, UK 01/10/29-30
      6. International Conference on Systems Thinking Globally Concerned, Vienna, Austria, 01/11/01-04
      7. 2nd International Conference on Systems Biology: The Future of Biology in the 21st Century, Pasadena, CA, 01/11/04-07
      8. Developing A Cyber-Democracy: "Government of the Future", Brookings Inst., Washington, DC. , 01/11/05-09
      9. Digitizing Decisions and Markets, Decision Sciences Institute Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 01/11/17-20
      10. II World Congress of Citizens Networks, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 01/12/05-07
      11. "Horizons In Complex Systems" in honor of H. Eugene Stanley's 60th birthday, Univ. Messina, Sicily, 01/12/05-08
      12. From Worker to Colony: Understanding the Organisation of Insect Societies, Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, UK. , 01/12/07-08
      13. Intl Conf on Current Trends In Differential Equations And Dynamical Systems, Kanpur, India, 01/12/15-17
      14. Complex Systems, Modeling Nonlinear Natural and Human Systems, Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, HICSS-35, Hawaii, 02/01/07-10
      15. 1st Biennial Seminar on Philosophical, Methodological & Epistemological Implications of Complexity Theory, La Habana, Cuba, 02/01/07-11
      16. Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics, Collective Phenomena and Complexity: Dynamical Model Formulation, Analysis and Symmetry, Canberra, Australia, 02/01/21-02/01
      17. AIS'2002: Towards Component-Based Modeling and Simulation, Lisbon, Portugal, 02/04/07-10
      18. World Conference NL 2002 - Networked Learning in a Global Environment: Challenges and Solutions for Virtual Education, Berlin, Germany, 01/05/01-04
      19. 7th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition - ICMPC7, Sydney, 02/07/17-21
      20. Self-Organisation and Evolution of Social Behaviour, Monte Verità, Switzerland, 02/09/08-13


    2. Conference Announcements Bookmark and Share

      The following articles can be obtained from http://www.thescientificworld.com by searching for the title words.

      1. Israel M. Kirzner. The Driving Force of the Market: Essays in Austrian Economics; David Colander, ed. Complexity and the History of Economic Thought, Fine, B., ENTERPRISE AND SOCIETY
      2. Recognition, Resolution, and Complexity of Objects Subject to Affine Transformations, Betke, M.; Makris, N. C., INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
      3. The Relationship Between Musical Complexity and Liking in Jazz and Bluegrass, Orr, M. G.; Ohlsson, S., PSYCHOLOGY OF MUSIC
      4. Tight Binding for Complex Semiconductor Systems, Delerue, C.; Lannoo, M.; Allan, G., PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B BASIC RESEARCH
      5. Force of Interaction between a Biocolloid and an Inorganic Oxide: Complexity of Surface Deformation, Roughness, and Brushlike Behavior, Considine, R. F.; Drummond, C. J.; Dixon, D. R., LANGMUIR
      6. Polycythemia Vera Presenting as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Lower Limbs, McCrory, C.; Westerling, D., CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN
      7. Special Delivery (Part 1) Today's delivery systems are more sophisticated and complex than ever. A look at the latest technologies, Rosen, M., GLOBAL COSMETIC INDUSTRY
      8. Viewer combines models with minimum effort Low cost software which offers an easy way to view very complex assemblies, Unknown Author, EUREKA -BECKENHAM THEN HORTON KIRBY THEN SWANLEY-
      9. Non-Ideality by Sedimentation Velocity of Halophilic Malate Dehydrogenase in Complex Solvents, Solovyova, A.; Schuck, P.; Costenaro, L.; Ebel, C., BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
      10. Animal Genetic Models for Complex Traits of Physical Capacity, Britton, S. L.; Koch, L. G., EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
      11. Cost Complexity of Pricing Decisions for Exporters in Developing and Emerging Markets, Raymond, M. A.; Tanner, J. F.; Kim, J., JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING -EAST LANSING-
      12. Computational Analysis of a Bluff-body Stabilized Flame with Complex Chemistry, Roy, C. J.; Edwards, J. R., CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION
      13. Visualizing complex notions of time., Kosara,R.; Miksch,S., Medinfo
      14. Aggregating umls semantic types for reducing conceptual complexity.,McCray,A.T.; Burgun,A.; Bodenreider,O., Medinfo
      15. Indexing medical www documents by morphemes., Schulz,S.; Honeck,M.; Hahn,U., Medinfo
      16. Automatic extraction of acronym-meaning pairs from medline databases., Pustejovsky,J.; Castaño,J.; Cochran,B.; Kotecki,M.; Morrell,M., Medinfo
      17. Complex salvage procedures for severe lower extremity nerve pain., Schon,L.C.; Lam,P.W.; Easley,M.E.; Anderson,C.D.; Lumsden,D.B.;Shanker,J.; Levin,G.B., Clin Orthop
      18. Editorial The End of the Beginning: Complexity and Craftsmanship and the Era of Sustained Work on Patient Safety, Cook, R. I., JOINT COMMISSION JOURNAL ON QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
      19. Aspects of complexity of probabilistic learning under monotonicity constraints, Meyer, L., THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE -AMSTERDAM-
      20. Regional Reinvention The complex regional economy of New England and the Northeast reinvents itself again, Szatan, J., URBAN LAND
      21. Kimberly A. Maynard. Healing Communities and Conflict: International Assistance in Complex Emergencies, Silverburg, S. R., PEACE AND CHANGE
      22. Optical fields in complex multilayered structures of modern semiconductor optoelectronic devices, Nakwaski, W., OPTOELECTRONICS REVIEW
      23. Approach To Accurate Photorealistic Model Generation For Complex 3d Objects, Knyaz, V., International Archives Of Photogrammetry And Remote Sensing
      24. On the Relative Complexity of Resolution Refinements and Cutting Planes Proof Systems, Bonet, M. L.; Esteban, J. L.; Galesi, N.; Johannsen, J., SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING
      25. A Near-Tight Lower Bound on the Time Complexity of Distributed Minimum-Weight Spanning Tree Construction, Peleg, D.; Rubinovich, V., SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING
      26. A complex empirical method for determination of pipe drain spacings in mineral soils, Skinkis, C., PROCEEDINGS- LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SECTION B
      27. What's a girl to do? Girls and women are living complex lives, Judith Timson argues, while facing a barrage of often contradictory cultural messages, Unknown Author, MACLEANS
      28. Mathematical modeling of the aging processes and the mechanisms of mortality: paramount role of heterogeneity., Rossolini,G.; Piantanelli,L., Exp Gerontol
      29. The human melanocyte: a model system to study the complexity of cellular aging and transformation in non-fibroblastic cells., Bandyopadhyay,D.; Timchenko,N.; Suwa,T.; Hornsby,P.J.; Campisi,J.; Medrano,E.E., Exp Gerontol
      30. Disseminated M. avium Complex infection in the Swiss HIV cohort Study: Declining incidence, improved prognosis and discontinuation of maintenance therapy, Rossi, M.; Flepp, M.; Telenti, A.; Schiffer, V.; Egloff, N.; Bucher, H.; Vernazza, P.; Bernasconi, E.; Weber, R.; Rickenbach, M., SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY
      31. Benign solitary fibrous pleural tumour. Evidence of primitive features and complex genomic imbalances, including loss of 20q, Amo-Takyi, B. K.; Gunther, K.; Peters, I.; Mittermayer, C.; Eblenkamp, M.; Tietze, L., APMIS -COPENHAGEN-
      32. Complex approach to examination of prostatitis patients in an outpatient setting, Kuznetsova, N. N.; Timoshchuk, G. I.; Timoshchuk, O. A.; Martyushev, S. A.; Khomenko, N. F.; Khoroshavina, N. A.; Korovshchikova, N. I., KLINICHESKAIA LABORATORNAIA DIAGNOSTIKA

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