Complexity Digest 2001.42

15-Oct-2001

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Content

  1. The Prize Winners for 2001, Nobel e-Museum
    1. What Prize Glory? The Ig Nobels, HMS Beagle
    2. The Wedding Complex, HMS Beagle
  2. Quantum Criticality in a Clean Metal, Science
    1. Magnetic Field-Tuned Quantum Criticality in the Metallic Ruthenate, Science
  3. Evolutionary Computation and Evolutionary Robotics, Cornell CSC
  4. Self-Organization Of A Propulsive Actin Network As An Evolutionary Process, PNAS
  5. Alife Model of Evolutionary Emergence of Purposeful Adaptive Behavior, arXiv
  6. Bugs Offer Power Tips, Nature Science update
  7. Inverse Modeling of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Fluxes, Science
  8. How To Guess The Unguessable: Corporate Strategy, Financial Times
    1. Machiavellian Tactics Modeled, Nature Science update
  9. The Future of Game Design, IGDA
  10. Making Choices: The Neurophysiology Of Visual-Saccadic Decision Making, Trends in Neurosciences
  11. A Natural Account of Phenomenal Consciousness, CogPrints
  12. Mechanisms Of Pain, PNAS
  13. Perceptual Training: A Tool For Both Modifying The Brain And Exploring It, PNAS
    1. Different Patterns Of Human Discrimination Learning For Two Interaural Cues To Sound-Source Location, PNAS
    2. "What" And "Where" In The Human Auditory System, PNAS
    3. Shifts In Cortical Representations Predict Human Discrimination Improvement, PNAS
  14. A Complex Role For Genetics In Autism, Trends in Neurosciences
  15. Tiny Materials Have Big Possibilities, Infospace/UPI
    1. Thin-Film Thermoelectric Devices With High Room-Temperature Figures Of Merit, Nature
  16. A General Model For Ontogenetic Growth, Nature
  17. Let There Be Light, Physics Reports
    1. Let There Be Magnetism, Physics Reports
  18. Synchronization, Cambridge University Press Release
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. An Edge Question: What Now?, Edge
    2. Security Creates More Strains on Deliveries, NYTimes
    3. New Ideas In The War On Bioterrorism, NYTimes
    4. A Scientific Approach to Terrorism and National Security, National Academies
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Articles
    2. Conference Announcements
    3. Pup Alert

  1. The Prize Winners for 2001, Nobel e-Museum Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt:
    • The Nobel Prize in Physics, "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
    • The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
    • The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
    • The Nobel Prize in Literature, "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"
    • The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences, "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"

    Editor's Note: Consistent with Stephen Hawking's statement about the 21st century, all 2001 Nobel prizes are awarded for work that is closely related to different areas of complexity.


    1. What Prize Glory? The Ig Nobels, HMS Beagle Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Editor's Note: Scientists have been notorious for their non-humorous approach to humour (see e.g. Research Into Laughter Is Serious Business (ComDig01-41/#2)) Here we present two classical text examples that have been shown to reproducibly trigger mirthful response in (some, mostly British) scientists.

      Abstract: The Ig Nobel Prize, sponsored by the Annals of Improbable Research, acknowledges actual scientific "achievements that cannot or should not be reproduced." The 2001 awards were bestowed on delighted recipients (by actual Nobel laureates) in a festive ceremony on October 4 at the Sanders Theater at Harvard University. Winners included the inventor of underwear that traps bad odors and researchers looking into whether black holes fulfill the technical requirements of being Hell.


    2. The Wedding Complex, HMS Beagle Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Scientists are fascinated by that natural phenomenon we call "love." Every so often, two scientists will join in an experiment they call "marriage." Tonight's opera shows how the entire scientific community collaborates to formulate the wedding plans. In Act One of our opera, an eminent scientist tells her colleagues that complexity theory (whatever that is) is the key to having a good wedding.


  2. Quantum Criticality in a Clean Metal, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Classical phase transitions in clean, defect-free materials are now well understood. Experiment and theory have converged on the concept of "universality": No matter how complex the system, its behavior near the phase transition should be largely (…) governed by its spatial dimensionality. Fluids confined to surfaces should thus have more in common with the magnetic layers in some transition metal salts than with ordinary three-dimensional fluids.

    Does universality also exist for quantum phase transitions, where quantum rather than thermal fluctuations are responsible for a change of state?


    1. Magnetic Field-Tuned Quantum Criticality in the Metallic Ruthenate, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The concept of quantum criticality is proving to be central to attempts to understand the physics of strongly correlated electrons. Here, we argue that observations on the itinerant metamagnet Sr3Ru2O7 represent good evidence for a new class of quantum critical point (…). This is of interest both in its own right and because of the convenience of having a quantum critical point for which the tuning parameter is the magnetic field. The relationship between the resultant critical fluctuations and novel behavior very near the critical field is discussed.


  3. Evolutionary Computation and Evolutionary Robotics, Cornell CSC Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The fields of evolutionary computation and evolutionary robotics study adaptive mechanisms based on natural selection, with the aim of algorithmically applying these ideas to solve hard problems like nonlinear optimization and engineering design, as well as shedding light on the evolution of natural systems. One of the difficult questions,both algorithmically and biologically, is the emergence of complexity: Evolutionary processes based on accumulation of random mutations are less likely to result in improvement as individuals grow more complex, because of the exponential nature of the search space. This talk will present some new directions in evolutionary computation that address this scaling problem. Some recent new approaches based on co-evolution, modularity, hierarchical composition and symbiosis will be overviewed, as well as and their application to evolution of robots. The talk will also outline some of the research methodologies used in this field, and some of the currently open questions.

    Contributing editor's note: The link above leads to Hod Lipson's page.That page includes a discussion of this research and links to relevant journal articles.


  4. Self-Organization Of A Propulsive Actin Network As An Evolutionary Process, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The leading edge of motile cells is propelled by polymerization of actin filaments according to a dendritic nucleation/array treadmilling mechanism. However, little attention has been given to the origin and maintenance of the dendritic array. Here we develop and test a population-kinetics model that explains the organization of actin filaments in terms of the reproduction of dendritic units. The life cycle of an actin filament consists of dendritic nucleation on another filament (birth), elongation by addition of actin subunits and, finally, termination of filament growth by capping protein (death).

  5. Alife Model of Evolutionary Emergence of Purposeful Adaptive Behavior, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The process of evolutionary emergence of purposeful adaptive behavior is investigated by means of computer simulations. The model proposed implies that there is an evolving population of simple agents, which have two natural needs: energy and reproduction. Any need is characterized quantitatively by a corresponding motivation. Motivations determine goal-directed behavior of agents. The model demonstrates that purposeful behavior does emerge in the simulated evolutionary processes. Emergence of purposefulness is accompanied by origin of a simple hierarchy in the control system of agents.

  6. Bugs Offer Power Tips, Nature Science update Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Bacteria are teaching chemists their tips for creating lean, green fuel. US researchers have developed a catalyst based on a bacterial enzyme that converts cheap acids to hydrogen, the ultimate clean power source.

    Unlike other fuels, hydrogen is non-polluting: its combustion makes only water, instead of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide or the poison carbon monoxide. Thomas Rauchfuss and colleagues at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign believe they can steal the secrets of hydrogen-generating bacteria to make the gas cheaply and efficiently.


  7. Inverse Modeling of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Fluxes, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: (…) it is evident that the problem of inferring a surface flux field from point measurements is a highly underdetermined one: An infinite number of such fields exist that yield a perfect match to these observations. This even holds for a discretised formulation of the problem, in which the fluxes are represented at a resolution that is typical for global atmospheric transport models. Using our inverse model we have constructed an example of such a field, which has an annual mean sink of 2 GtC over Europe.

  8. How To Guess The Unguessable: Corporate Strategy, Financial Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The technique is known as "scenario planning" and its most celebrated corporate exponent is Royal Dutch/Shell. The scenario planners at Shell did not attempt to predict the future with any accuracy. They examined the data their planning department and other experts had collected, they read widely and came up with possible versions of what the future might hold. Not everything happened as or when they predicted but the company's strategists say it left them better prepared to cope with sudden changes.

    1. Machiavellian Tactics Modeled, Nature Science update Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The team has built a mathematical model of clubs and societies whose new membership is determined by the votes of its current members. Fellows of the Royal Society in the United Kingdom are elected in this way. (…)

      Members seeking to advance their own cause will be keen to elect new members who are likely to support them, even if the grounds for their election are otherwise flimsy. They may also wish to exclude potential opponents even if they have shining credentials for membership.


  9. The Future of Game Design, IGDA Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Future games will employ deeper simulation in order to achieve far greater levels of interaction and complexity, while simultaneously simplifying the learning curve for new players. Most game environments of the past have been based on crude abstractions of reality, limiting player expression and requiring users to learn a completely new vernacular in order to play. The games of the future will rely heavily on much more complex, high fidelity world representations that will allow for more emergent behavior and unforeseen player interactions.

  10. Making Choices: The Neurophysiology Of Visual-Saccadic Decision Making, Trends in Neurosciences Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Imagine the decisions you might make while playing a simple game like 'matching pennies'. At each play, you and your opponent, say the mathematician John vonNeumann, each lay down a penny heads or tails up. If both pennies show the same side, vonNeumann wins, if not, you win. Before each play, you have the subjective experience of deciding what to do: of choosing whether to play heads or tails. Although decisions like these are not yet understood at a physiological level, progress has been made towards understanding simple decision making in at least one model system: the primate neural architecture that uses visual data and prior knowledge about patterns in the environment to select and execute saccades. Both the visual system and the brainstem circuits that control saccadic eye movements are particularly well understood, making it possible for physiologists to begin to study the connections between these sensory and motor processes at a level of complexity that would be impossible in other less well understood systems.

  11. A Natural Account of Phenomenal Consciousness, CogPrints Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Physicalists commonly argue that conscious experiences are nothing more than states of the brain, and that conscious qualia are observer-independent, physical properties of the external world. Although this assumes the 'mantle of science,' it routinely ignores the findings of science, for example in sensory physiology, perception, psychophysics, neuropsychology and comparative psychology. Consequently, although physicalism aims to naturalise consciousness, it gives an unnatural account of it. It is possible, however, to develop a natural, nonreductive, reflexive model of how consciousness relates to the brain and the physical world. This paper introduces such a model and how it construes the nature of conscious experience. Within this model the physical world as perceived (the phenomenal world) is viewed as part of conscious experience not apart from it. While in everyday life we treat this phenomenal world as if it is the "physical world", it is really just one biologically useful representation of what the world is like that may differ in many respects from the world described by physics. How the world as perceived relates to the world as described by physics can be investigated by normal science (e.g. through the study of sensory physiology, psychophysics and so on). This model of consciousness appears to be consistent with both third-person evidence of how the brain works and with first-person evidence of what it is like to have a given experience. According to the reflexive model, conscious experiences are really how they seem.

  12. Mechanisms Of Pain, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Persistent or chronic pain is the primary reason people seek medical care, yet current therapies are either inadequate for certain types of pain or cause intolerable side effects. Recently, pain neurobiologists have identified a number of cellular and molecular processes that lead to the initiation and maintenance of pain. Understanding these underlying mechanisms has given significant promise for the development of more effective, more specific pain therapies in the near future.

    Editor's Note: Although there certainly are classes of pain (e.g. from injuries) that can improve evolutionary fitness, for other classes (toothache, migraine) it is not so clear if they play any role in improving chance of survivability.

    • Mechanisms Of Pain, Cheryl L. Stucky, Michael S. Gold, and Xu Zhang , PNAS 98: 11845-11846

  13. Perceptual Training: A Tool For Both Modifying The Brain And Exploring It, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: During the past 20 years it became increasingly clear that sensory areas in the brain of adult primates, including humans, retain a large degree of plasticity (…).The study of Wright and Fitzgerald (3), reported in this issue of PNAS, is an important contribution to these largely open questions. They found that the ability to discriminate between stimuli that cue for neighboring sound locations significantly improves with practice. Yet, the susceptibility to improvement seems to differ between the two prominent cues for sound localization interaural time and intensity differences.

    1. Different Patterns Of Human Discrimination Learning For Two Interaural Cues To Sound-Source Location, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Two of the primary cues used to localize the sources of sounds are interaural level differences (ILDs) and interaural time differences (ITDs). We conducted two experiments to explore how practice affects the human discrimination of values of ILDs and ongoing ITDs presented over headphones. (…).Thus, these data reveal differences in the effect of practice on ILD and ITD discrimination, and provide insight into the encoding of these two cues to sound-source location in humans.


    2. "What" And "Where" In The Human Auditory System, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The extent to which sound identification and sound localization depend on specialized auditory pathways was examined by using functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related brain potentials. (…). The converging evidence from two independent measurements of dissociable brain activity during identification and localization of identical stimuli provides strong support for specialized auditory streams in the human brain. These findings are analogous to the "what" and "where" segregation of visual information processing, and suggest that a similar functional organization exists for processing information from the auditory modality.


    3. Shifts In Cortical Representations Predict Human Discrimination Improvement, PNAS Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: We report experiments combining assessment of spatial tactile discrimination behavior and measurements of somatosensory-evoked potentials in human subjects before and after short-term plastic changes to demonstrate a causal link between the degree of altered performance and reorganization. Plastic changes were induced by a Hebbian coactivation protocol of simultaneous pairing of tactile stimuli. As a result of coactivation, spatial discrimination thresholds were lowered; however, the amount of discrimination improvement was variable across subjects. (…) We found that the changes in discrimination abilities could be predicted from the changes in dipole localization.


  14. A Complex Role For Genetics In Autism, Trends in Neurosciences Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Autism results from a complex interaction between several different genes involved in brain signaling and development. In a large-scale collaboration between the United States and Europe, researchers have now found that two regions on chromosomes 2 and 7 are strongly linked to autism, and that chromosomes 16 and 17 also contain genes involved in autism although a weaker correlation was observed. Excitement arose from the fact that chromosome 7 is known to be associated with several language disorders. The investigators have announced that trials will now be performed to determine how environmental factors influence these genes to produce the wide range of symptoms that characterize this disease. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive actions and impaired communication and social interaction, which affects no less then 1 in every 500 people. Although environmental factors might also play a role, these findings narrow the search for a genetic basis for autism and bring hope for earlier diagnoses and therapy. Advanced release by NIH (ahead of print, Am. J. Hum. Genet.).

  15. Tiny Materials Have Big Possibilities, Infospace/UPI Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: "to cool a pentium chip that produces 50 watts of heat, we need about 50 watts of electrical power with current bulk thermoelectrics," Venkatasubramanian said. "With our superlattice thermoelectrics, we would need about 20 watts for the same heat pumping requirement." (...)

    "The thermoelectric device is an 'active' device and can actually cool the chip to below ambient."

    Venkatasubramanian's list of potential applications runs the gamut, from sensors and laser and memory devices to self-assembling DNA micro-arrays to chemistry-biology-labs-on-a-chip to special telecommunication products to waste-heat recovery from automobiles.


    1. Thin-Film Thermoelectric Devices With High Room-Temperature Figures Of Merit, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: The enhancement is achieved by controlling the transport of phonons and electrons in the super-lattices. Preliminary devices exhibit significant cooling (32 K at around room temperature) and the potential to pump a heat flux of up to 700 W cm-2; the localized cooling and heating occurs some 23,000 times faster than in bulk devices. We anticipate that the combination of performance, power density and speed achieved in these materials will lead to diverse technological applications: for example, in thermo-chemistry-on-a-chip, DNA micro-arrays, fibre-optic switches and micro-electro-thermal systems.


  16. A General Model For Ontogenetic Growth, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Several equations have been proposed to describe ontogenetic growth trajectories for organisms justified primarily on the goodness of fit rather than on any biological mechanism. Here, we derive a general quantitative model based on fundamental principles for the allocation of metabolic energy between maintenance of existing tissue and the production of new biomass. We thus predict the parameters governing growth curves from basic cellular properties and derive a single parameterless universal curve that describes the growth of many diverse species.

  17. Let There Be Light, Physics Reports Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The early universe was a simple place. Today it's complex. (…)

    What happened between then and now?

    To answer that question cosmologists have turned to observations of the cosmic microwave background. The microwave background has almost exactly the same temperature in all directions but there are very small variations in the temperature, at a level of one part in 100,000. (…)

    This evidence is beginning to shed light on the evolution of the young and simple universe and the origins of the complexity we see today.


    1. Let There Be Magnetism, Physics Reports Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: While the received wisdom about the Universe just after the Big Bang suggests that magnetic fields did not exist, some evidence is beginning to emerge that light was not the only primordial property of the Universe that could illuminate the origins of the complexity we see today. An understanding of primordial magnetic fields might also provide us with a clue as to why the universe is composed of matter and what happened to the antimatter.


  18. Synchronization, Cambridge University Press Release Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Synchronization phenomena are abundant in science, nature, engineering and social life. Systems as diverse as clocks, singing crickets, cardiac pacemakers and applauding audiences exhibit a tendency to operate in synchrony. This universal phenomenon can be understood within a common framework based on modern nonlinear dynamics. The book describes synchronization first without formulae, using experimental examples, and then in a rigorous and systematic manner, describing both classical results and recent developments. This comprehensive text will be of interest to graduate students and specialist researchers.

  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Editor's Notes: There have been two different compilations of efforts and ideas from scientists to combat terrorism. The Edge asked a number of scientists and thinkers "What now?". One answer by J. Doyne Farmer of the Santa Fe Institute summarizes the problem and different potential solutions from a complex systems and chaos perspective:
    "Change the parameters and get rid of the behavior you don't want. This is hard too, because it involves a deeper level of understanding and more fundamental change. But it has the advantage that, when you can do it, it is more stable, more reliable, and a much better solution. This corresponds to finding the root causes of terrorism and altering the political landscape so that it dies out. This will be very hard, but it has the enormous advantage that it might actually work. "

    1. An Edge Question: What Now?, Edge Next Article Bookmark and Share

      The National Academies published a list of publications related to the problem of terrorism and security:
      "A series of National Academies reports spanning two decades examines anti-terrorism measures, including technologies for screening airline passengers, better designs for buildings that may be targets of terrorist attack, and preparation for the civilian medical community in responding to chemical or biological threats."

    2. Security Creates More Strains on Deliveries, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Other publications study the more general impact on the 9/11 attack . We already mentioned the shift to videoconferencing that reduces the need for business travels. Now it looks like the anthrax threats also might induce a global transition from snail-mail to e-mail:

      "Losing mail delivery in 2001 is nowhere near the problem it would have been just a few years ago. Electronic communications, particularly e-mail, fax and the Web, have already supplanted the postal service—commonly known in the high-tech community as snail mail. It’s just another example of the relentless calculus of the digital revolution, where bits trump atoms. The threat that a deadly disease might be a consequence of opening an envelope could be a tipping point that leads to changes in the way we look at snail mail—and heads us down a road where daily mail delivery goes the way of the milkman."

    3. New Ideas In The War On Bioterrorism, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Security Creates More Strains on Deliveries, Claudia H. Deutsch, NYTimes, 01/10/09

    4. A Scientific Approach to Terrorism and National Security, National Academies Next Article Bookmark and Share

      New Ideas In The War On Bioterrorism, Andrew Pollack, NYTimes, 01/10/09

  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Articles Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Why Don't We Act Out During Our Sleep? Silvia Helena Cardoso, Brain & Mind, Current Issue,Number 13 - August - November 2001
      2. Co-design Of Software And Hardware To Implement Remote Sensing Algorithm, J. Theiler, J. Fringo, M. Gokhale, J. J. Szymanski, To appear in: Proc. SPIE 4480 (2001)
      3. A Neural Network Face Expression Recognition System using an Unsupervised Local Processing, L. Franco and A. Treves,Proc. Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA'01), Croatia, pp. 628-632.
      4. Genetic Conflict And Conditional Altruism In Social Aphid Colonies, Patrick Abbot, James H. Withgott, and Nancy A. Moran, PNAS 98: 12068-12071
      5. The Material Basis Of Feelings, Argos de A. Pinto, Brain and Mind, Number 13, August - November 2001
      6. Retinoic Acid Rescues Inner ear Defects in Hoxa1 Deficient Mice, Pasqualetti, M. et al., Nature Genet. 29, 34-39: Reviewed as Ear See Rescue, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol 2, No 10, October 2001
      7. Differences In Autonomic Physiological Responses Between Good And Poor Inductive Reasoners, C. Melis and A. van Boxtel, Biological PsychologyVolume 58, Issue 2, November 2001 pp 121 - 146
      8. Quantum Computing, Shu-Shen Li, Gui-Lu Long, Feng-Shan Bai, Song-Lin Feng, and Hou-Zhi Zheng, PNAS 98: 11847-11848
      9. Network as a Complex System: Information Flow Analysis, arXiv
      10. Circuits Are Small Worlds, Nature Science update


    2. Conference Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Workshop On Interdisciplinary Studies And Complexity, National University of Mexico, 01/10/22-26
      2. 1st Asia-Pacific Conf On Web Intelligence, Maebashi TERRSA, Maebashi City, Japan, 01/10/23-26
      3. Peace Science Society (International) 2001 North American Meeting, Decatur, Georgia, 01/10/26-28
      4. 7th Annual Meeting Of Global Vision, Inc., Decatur, Georgia, 01/10/28
      5. The Impact of Complexity in Industry, Univ. Warwick, UK 01/10/29-30
      6. International Conference on Systems Thinking Globally Concerned, University of Vienna and Vienna University of Technology, Austria, 01/11/01-04
      7. Developing A Cyber-Democracy: "Government of the Future", Brookings Inst., Washington, DC. , 01/11/05-09
      8. Digitizing Decisions and Markets, Decision Sciences Institute Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 01/11/17-20
      9. II World Congress of Citizens Networks, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 01/12/05-07
      10. From Worker to Colony: Understanding the Organisation of Insect Societies, Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, UK. , 01/12/07-08
      11. Intl Conf on Current Trends In Differential Equations And Dynamical Systems, Kanpur, India, 01/12/15-17
      12. Complex Systems , Modeling Nonlinear Natural and Human Systems, Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, HICSS-35, Hawaii, 02/01/07-10
      13. 1st Biennial Seminar on Philosophical, Methodological & Epistemological Implications of Complexity Theory, La Habana, Cuba, 02/01/07-11
      14. Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics, Collective Phenomena and Complexity: Dynamical Model Formulation, Analysis and Symmetry, Canberra, Australia, 02/01/21-02/01
      15. AIS'2002: Towards Component-Based Modeling and Simulation, Lisbon, Portugal, 02/04/07-10
      16. World Conference NL 2002 - Networked Learning in a Global Environment: Challenges and Solutions for Virtual Education, Berlin, Germany, 01/05/01-04
      17. 7th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition - ICMPC7, Sydney, 02/07/17-21
      18. Self-Organisation and Evolution of Social Behaviour, Monte Verità, Switzerland, 02/09/08-13


    3. Pup Alert Bookmark and Share

      The following articles can be obtained from http://www.thescientificworld.com by searching for the title words.

      1. The Complex Phenomenon of Illness, Tymieniecka, A.-T.; Agazzi, A., ANALECTA HUSSERLIANA, 2001; VOL 72
      2. Observations on Complex Multi-state CAs, Bilotta, E.; Pantano, P., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      3. Neutral Networks and Evolvability with Complex Genotype-Phenotype Mapping, Smith, T.; Husbands, P.; O Shea, M., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      4. Emergent Syntax: The Unremitting Value of Computational Modeling for Understanding the Origins of Complex Language, Zuidema, W. H., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      5. Taxonomy in Alife. Measures of Similarity for Complex Artificial Organisms, Komosinski, M.; Kubiak, M., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      6. Rule extraction from decision trees with complex nominal data, Fountoukis, S. G.; Bekakos, M. P.; Kontos, J. P., NEURAL PARALLEL AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATIIONS
      7. Patterns and Processes of Wetland Loss in Coastal Louisiana are Complex: A Reply to Turner 2001. Estimating the Indirect Effects of Hydrologic Change on Wetland Loss: If the Earth is Curved, Then How Would We Know It?, Day, J. W.; Shaffer, G. P.; Reed, D. J.; Cahoon, D. R.; Britsch, L. D.; Hawes, S. R., ESTUARIES
      8. The relationship between Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need, and patients' perceptions of malocclusion: a study in general dental practice, Koochek, A. R.; Yeh, M. S.-T.; Rolfe, B.; Richmond, S., BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL
      9. Robustness and diversity in genetic algorithms for a complex combinatorial optimization problem, Brizuela, C. A.; Sannomiya, N., INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE
      10. Estimates of average complexity of neurocontrol algorithms, Hrycej, T., NEURAL NETWORKS -OXFORD-
      11. Just-in-time information presentation and the acquisition of complex cognitive skills, Kester, L.; Kirschner, P. A.; van Merrienboer, J. J.; Baumer, A., COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
      12. Chipping away at complex behavior: Transcriptome/phenotype correlations in the mouse brain, Carter, T. A.; Del Rio1, J. A.; Greenhall, J. A.; Latronica, M. L.; Lockhart, D. J.; Barlow, C., PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
      13. Classical and Quantum Complexity and Non-extensive Thermodynamics, Grigolini, P.; Tsallis, C.; West, B., CHAOS SOLITONS AND FRACTALS
      14. Entropic nonextensivity: a possible measure of complexity, Tsallis, C., CHAOS SOLITONS AND FRACTALS
      15. Optimality, entropy and complexity for nonextensive quantum scattering, Ion, D. B.; Ion, M. L., CHAOS SOLITONS AND FRACTALS
      16. Weaving the complex web of signal transduction., Chory, J.; Wu DongYing; Wu, D. Y., Plant Physiology
      17. Evolution of self-governance within a harvesting system governed by Individual Transferable Quota., Arbuckle, M.; Drummond, K.; Shotton, R., FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
      18. Complex probabilistic modeling with recursive relational Bayesian networks, Jaeger, M., ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      19. Restricted prior inference for complex uncertainty structures, Goldstein, M.; Wilkinson, D. J., ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      20. QoS Routing: Average Complexity and Hopcount in m Dimensions, Kuipers, F. A.; Van Mieghem, P., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      21. Automotive. Robots are central to car manufacture. We investigate how lasers and robots are combining to hydroform complex parts without recourse to welding, Unknown Author, TUBE INTERNATIONAL
      22. Artificial neural networks for tite study of complex phenomena: limitations and advantagee of biostatistical applications, Biganzoli, E.; Boracchi, P.; Poli, I., STATISTICA -BOLOGNA-
      23. Formation of the egg-laying system in Pristionchus pacificus requires complex interactions between gonadal, mesodermal and epidermal tissues and does not rely on single cell inductions, Jungblut, B.; Pires-daSilva, A.; Sommer, R. J., DEVELOPMENT -CAMBRIDGE-
      24. Striatal Contributions to Category Learning: Quantitative Modeling of Simple Linear and Complex Nonlinear Rule Learning in Patients with Parkinson's Disease, Maddox, W. T.; Filoteo, J. V., JOURNAL- INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
      25. Encoding and Complex Figure Recall, Newman, P. D.; Krikorian, R., JOURNAL- INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
      26. The Next Phase: Bioterror? Nukes Are Costly And Complex, But Germ Weapons Are Within Anyone's Budget, Unknown Author, Business Week -New York- International Edition Then European Edition-
      27. Complex Effects of Molecular Chaperones on the Aggregation and Refolding of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1, Edwards, K.-L. T.; Kueltzo, L. A.; Fisher, M. T.; Middaugh, C. R., ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
      28. Branching out Dave Coderre explains how one company is taking a new approach to auditing a complex network of over 70 branches, Unknown Author, INTERNAL AUDITING AND BUSINESS RISK
      29. Investigating Complexity Factors In UK Air Traffic Management, Kirwan, B.; Scaife, R.; Kennedy, R.,
      30. Cyclonic De-Watering With Complex Emulsions, Belaidi, A.; Thew, M. T.; Munaweera, S. J., MULTIPHASE -INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE-
      31. Computational Complexity Over Time: The Development Of Functional Categories In French-Speaking Children With SLI, Jakubowicz, C.; Durand, C.; Rigaut, C.; van der Velde, M., PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL BOSTON UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
      32. Study Of Complex Tackles: Lifting Systems With Pulleys And Cables, Billerey, A.; Clozel, P.; Constant, D., INTEGRATED DESIGN AND AND MANUFACTURING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
      33. Implementation and Evaluation of the Complex Streamed Instruction Set, Juurlink, B.; Tcheressiz, D.; Vassiliadis, S.; Wijshoff, H., INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND COMPILATION TECHNIQUES
      34. Encoding and Complex Figure Recall, Newman, P. D.; Krikorian, R., JOURNAL- INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
      35. Advances in Solution Methods for Effectiveness-NTU Relationships for Heat Exchanger Complex Flow Arrangements, Sekulic, D. P.; Shah, R. K., HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER -NATIONAL CONFERENCE INDIA-
      36. Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Flows with Heat Transfer, Mitra, N. K., HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER -NATIONAL CONFERENCE INDIA-
      37. Requirements Engineering for Complex Collaborative Systems, Sutcliffe, A., RE -INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM-
      38. The Complexities Of Dystroglycan., Winder,S.J., Trends Biochem Sci
      39. Complex Aortic Valve Surgery: Introduction., Michael Deeb,G., Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
      40. Evaluation Of An Inter-Organizational Prevention Program Against Injuries Among The Elderly In A WHO Safe Community., Lindqvist,K.; Timpka,T.; Schelp,L., Public Health
      41. Introduction: The Need For A Multidimensional And Multidisciplinary Approach., Lilja,J.; Larsson,S.; Montagne,M., Subst Use Misuse
      42. Toward An Integrative Approach In The Analysis Of Dependency Problems., Larsson,S.; Lilja,J.; Borg,S.; Buscema,M.; Hamilton,D., Subst Use Misuse
      43. Use Of Warnings In An Attentionally Demanding Detection Task., Maltz,M.; Meyer,J., Hum Factors
      44. Complex Partial Seizure Mimicking Psychotic Reaction In An Adolescent., Serdaroglu,A.; Gücüyener,K.; Bilir,E.; Soysal,S., Turk J Pediatr
      45. Complex mathematical model of the WIG motion including the take-off mode, Benedict, K.; Kornev, N.; Meyer, M.; Ebert, J., OCEAN ENGINEERING -OXFORD-
      46. ALL-METAL AROMATICS Gas-phase metal clusters with demonstrated aromaticity could lead to novel complex materials, Unknown Author, CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS
      47. Charging Into the Unknown America's first war of the 21st century will be a complex affair, almost certainly including operations by an international coalition of law enforcement and intelligence agencies, commando raids, aerial bombing, missile strikes, and intense diplomatic arm-twisting, Kitfield, J., NATIONAL JOURNAL -WASHINGTON DC-
      48. Observations on Complex Multi-state CAs, Bilotta, E.; Pantano, P., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      49. Neutral Networks and Evolvability with Complex Genotype-Phenotype Mapping, Smith, T.; Husbands, P.; O Shea, M., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      50. Taxonomy in Alife. Measures of Similarity for Complex Artificial Organisms, Komosinski, M.; Kubiak, M., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      51. Emergent Syntax: The Unremitting Value of Computational Modeling for Understanding the Origins of Complex Language, Zuidema, W. H., LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
      52. Neuroendocrinology, from Concepts and Complexity to Integration - The Xenopus Pars Intermedia, Roubos, E. W.; Scheenen, W. J. J. M.; Jenks, B. G.,
      53. Modeling Capillary Flow in Complex Geometries, Rajagopalan, D.; Aneja, A. P.; Marchal, J.-M., TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
      54. Exploring the `Most Effective Pollinator Principle' with Complex Flowers: Bumblebees and Ipomopsis aggregata, Mayfield, M. M.; Waser, N. M.; Price, M. V., ANNALS OF BOTANY -LONDON- OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS THEN ACADEMIC PRESS-
      55. Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Shock Structure Formation in Complex Plasmas, Popel, S. I.; Gisko, A. A.; Golub , A. P.; Losseva, T. V.; Bingham, R., PLASMA PHYSICS REPORTS C/C OF FIZIKA PLAZMY
      56. "Integrity" and "Compliance" Health care's increasing organizational complexity threatens to obscure the ministry's fundamental values, Dell Oro, R., HEALTH PROGRESS
      57. The electrical image method compared with resistivity sounding and electromagnetic profiling for investigation in areas of complex geology: A case study from groundwater investigation in a weathered crystalline rock environment, Acworth, I., EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS -AUSTRALIA-
      58. Management of Complex Implant Aesthetics: Ensuring Restorative Design Continuity With a Comprehensive Outcome-Based Strategy, Lee, E. A.; Jun, S. K., PRACTICAL PROCEDURES AND AESTHETIC DENTISTRY
      59. Optimum control of complex flexible coupling system based on power flow, Quanjuan, W.; Jiayi, C.; Hua, X., CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
      60. Study on Surface Modeling of Complex Surface in Reverse Engineering, Unknown Author, MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
      61. The Bidirectional Glenn Operation in 100 Cases with Complex Congenital Heart Diseases: Factors Influencing Surgical Results, Pineda, L. F.; Cazzaniga, M.; Villagra, F.; Balda, J. I. D.; Daghero, F.; Sarachaga, I. H.; Jimenez, M. Q., REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA
      62. The concept "Strategic Treatment". Comments on the handling of the kinematic design of complex linkages by use of a classical method in an advanced computerized environment, Braune, R., WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZEITSCHRIFT- TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITAT DRESDEN
      63. Computer Applications Even with the simpler recordkeeping process beginning in 2002, many establishments will continue to face the complex problem of managing injury and illness data, Sawner, J., OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
      64. A complex quota-managed fishery: science and management in Australia's South East Fishery. Introduction and overview, Smith, A. D. M.; Smith, D. C., MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH
      65. Differential Diagnosis of Occupational Hearing Loss As this case study illustrates, many complex scenarios are encountered during the administration of a comprehensive hearing conservation program, Sataloff, R. T.; Sataloff, J., OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
      66. Fixed-parameter complexity of l-labelings, Fiala, J.; Kloks, T.; KratochvCR 201/1996/0194 and KONTAKT 1999/338., J., DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS
      67. Complexity classification of some edge modification problems, Natanzon, A.; Shamir1, R.; Sharan2, R., DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS
      68. Group Therapy and Complexity Theory, Rubenfeld, S., INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY
      69. Structural complexity and functional diversity of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, Blaustein, M. P.; Golovina, V. A., TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
      70. Environment complexity stimulates visual cortex neurogenesis: death of a dogma and a research career, Kaplan, M. S., TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
      71. Complex regional pain syndrome: how to resolve the complexity?, Birklein, F.; Handwerker, H. O., PAIN -AMSTERDAM-
      72. Investigations of Complex Fractal Structures with Self - Similarity and Self - Affinity on Fractured Surfaces, Tian, E.-k.; Lung, C. W., CHINESE JOURNAL OF HIGH PRESSURE PHYSICS
      73. TuF12 Wavepacket motion of self-trapped exciton under excitation by femtosecond chirped pulse in one dimensional
      74. Structures of bacterial flagellar motors from two flif-flig gene fusion mutants., Thomas,D.; Morgan,D.G.; DeRosier,D.J., J Bacteriol
      75. Effects of domain-specific interference on brain activation associated with verbal working memory task performance., Gruber,O., Cereb Cortex
      76. An Archaeal Photosignal-Transducing Module Mediates Phototaxis in Escherichia coli., Jung,K.H.; Spudich,E.N.; Trivedi,V.D.; Spudich,J.L., J Bacteriol
      77. The importance of genealogy in determining genetic associations with complex traits., Newman,D.L.; Abney,M.; McPeek,M.S.; Ober,C.; Cox,N.J., Am J Hum Genet
      78. The y chromosome pool of jews as part of the genetic landscape of the middle east., Nebel,A.; Filon,D.; Brinkmann,B.; Majumder,P.P.; Faerman,M.; Oppenheim,A., Am J Hum Genet
      79. Projections from the lateral, basal and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala to the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in rat., Pikkarainen,M.; Pitkänen,A., Cereb Cortex
      80. The genetic dissection of complex traits in a founder population., Ober,C.; Abney,M.; McPeek,M.S., Am J Hum Genet
      81. Genomewide scans of complex human diseases: true linkage is hard to find., Altmüller,J.; Palmer,L.J.; Fischer,G.; Scherb,H.; Wjst,M., Am J Hum Genet
      82. Conditional-replication, integration, excision, and retrireview plasmid-host systems for gene structure-function studies of bacteria., Haldimann,A.; Wanner,B.L., J Bacteriol
      83. Feature selectivity and interneuronal cooperation in the thalamocortical system., Miller,L.M.; Escabí,M.A.; Schreiner,C.E., J Neurosci
      84. Pain increases during sympathetic arousal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome., Drummond,P.D.; Finch,P.M.; Skipworth,S.; Blockey,P., Neurology
      85. Interface-mediated oscillatory phenomena., Rastogi,R.P.; Srivastava,R.C., Adv Colloid Interface Sci
      86. A model for the vibro-acoustic response of plates excited by complex flows, Han, F.; Mongeau, L. G.; Bernhard, R. J., JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
      87. Convergence of distinct pathways to heart patterning revealed by the small molecule concentramide and the mutation heart-and-soul., Peterson,R.T.; Mably,J.D.; Chen,J.; Fishman,M.C., Curr Biol
      88. New methods of analysis of the ventricular repolarization by using surface potential mapping., De Ambroggi,L.; Corlan,A.D., J Electrocardiol
      89. QRS duration reflects ventricular dilatation in experimental heart failure., Nadeau,R.; Defoy,N.; Cardinal,R.; Savard,P., J Electrocardiol
      90. Predicting and harnessing protein flexibility in the design of species-specific inhibitors of thymidylate synthase(1,2)., Fritz,T.A.; Tondi,D.; Finer-Moore,J.S.; Costi,M.P.; Stroud,R.M., Chem Biol
      91. Hypodiploidy is a major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma., Smadja,N.V.; Bastard,C.; Brigaudeau,C.; Leroux,D.; Fruchart,C.; ,, Blood
      92. Fractal and complexity measures of heart rate dynamics after acute myocardial infarction., Perkiömäki,J.S.; Zareba,W.; Ruta,J.; Dubner,S.; Madoery,C.; Deedwania,P.; Karcz,M.; Bayes de Luna,A., Am J Cardiol
      93. Advances in sensitivity encoding with arbitrary k-space trajectories., Pruessmann,K.P.; Weiger,M.; Börnert,P.; Boesiger,P., Magn Reson Med
      94. Sequential implantation of two helex septal occluder devices in a patient with complex atrial septal anatomy., Dobrolet,N.C.; Iskowitz,S.; Lopez,L.; Whalen,R.; Zahn,E.M., Catheter Cardiovasc Interv
      95. A comparative molecular analysis of developing mouse forelimbs and hindlimbs using serial analysis of gene statement (sage)., Margulies,E.H.; Kardia,S.L.; Innis,J.W., Genome Res
      96. Nonlinear analysis of orthostatic posture in patients with vertigo or balance disorders., Sasaki,O.; Gagey,P.; Ouaknine,A.M.; Martinerie,J.; Le Van Quyen,M.; Toupet,M.; L'Heritier,A., Neurosci Res
      97. The spatiotemporal relationship among schwann cells, axons and postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor regions during muscle reinnervation in aged rats., Kawabuchi,M.; Zhou,C.J.; Wang,S.; Nakamura,K.; Liu,W.T.; Hirata,K., Anat Rec
      98. Spectrotemporal sensitivities in rat auditory cortical neurons., Orduña,I.; Mercado,E.; Gluck,M.A.; Merzenich,M.M., Hear Res
      99. Annotation transfer for genomics: measuring functional divergence in multi-domain proteins., Hegyi,H.; Gerstein,M., Genome Res
      100. Uterorelaxing effects of vaginal progesterone: comparison of two methodologies for assessing uterine contraction frequency on ultrasound scans., Ayoubi,J.; Fanchin,R.; Kaddouz,D.; Frydman,R.; de Ziegler,D., Fertil Steril
      101. Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement., Friedl,P.; Borgmann,S.; Bröcker,E.B., J Leukoc Biol
      102. Mapping of supraventricular tachycardias by using a new tridimensional technology-The CARTO system., Andrea,E.; Atié,J.; Maciel,W.; Araújo,N.; Saad,E.; Camanho,L.E.; Affonso,H.; Siqueira,L.; Belo,L.G., J Electrocardiol
      103. THE NEXT PHASE: BIOTERROR? Nukes are costly and complex, but germ weapons are in anyone's budget, Unknown Author, BUSINESS WEEK -NEW YORK-
      104. Adoptive tumor therapy with T lymphocytes enriched through an IFN-gamma capture assay., Becker,C.; Pohla,H.; Frankenberger,B.; Schüler,T.; Assenmacher,M.; Schendel,D.J.; Blankenstein,T., Nat Med
      105. Crosstalk between p38, Hsp25 and Akt in spinal motor neurons after sciatic nerve injury., Murashov,A.K.; Ul Haq,I.; Hill,C.; Park,E.; Smith,M.; Wang,X.; Goldberg,D.J.; Wolgemuth,D.J., Brain Res Mol Brain Res
      106. Supermolecular structure of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli type III secretion system and its direct interaction with the EspA-sheath-like structure., Sekiya,K.; Ohishi,M.; Ogino,T.; Tamano,K.; Sasakawa,C.; Abe,A., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
      107. The structure of an AspRS-tRNA(Asp) complex reveals a tRNA-dependent control mechanism., Moulinier,L.; Eiler,S.; Eriani,G.; Gangloff,J.; Thierry,J.C.; Gabriel,K.; McClain,W.H.; Moras,D., EMBO J
      108. Distinct requirements for C.elegans TAF(II)s in early embryonic transcription., Walker,A.K.; Rothman,J.H.; Shi,Y.; Blackwell,T.K., EMBO J

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