Complexity Digest 2001.09

26-Feb-2001

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Content

  1. Humbled By The Genome's Mysteries, NYTimes
  2. Protein Encoding By Both DNA Strands, Nature
  3. Life In Extreme Environments, Nature
  4. The Habitat And Nature Of Early Life, Nature
  5. Boiling-Water Worm Hosts Bizarre Bugs, Discovery News
  6. Chance And Necessity: The Evolution Of Morphological Complexity And Diversity, Nature
  7. The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Nature
  8. Where Are The Dolphins?, Nature
  9. Anthropologist Examines The Power Of Water On Earth's Earliest Civilizations, U Cincinnati , ScienceDaily
  10. Scientists Spar Over Claims of Earliest Human Ancestor, Science
  11. The Impact Of Specialized Enemies On The Dimensionality Of Host Dynamics, Nature
  12. Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle, Science
    1. A Slow Dance for El Niño, Science
  13. Predicting El Nino With The Help Of A Wind Trigger, AGU/ Science Daily
  14. Was the Medieval Warm Period Global?, Science
  15. Passport, Please: A Global Strategy To Curb Invasive Species, Stanford University, ScienceDaily
  16. Neuronal Choir Hums In Unison To Rivet Brain's Attention, NIH/NIMH/Science Daily
    1. Attention Leads to Synchronization, Science
    2. Drums Keep Pounding a Rhythm in the Brain, Science
    3. Modulation Of Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization By Selective Visual Attention, Science
  17. Neural-Network Models Of Learning And Memory, Trends In Cognitive Sciences
  18. 'Smallest' Robot To Take World By Swarm, CNN
  19. Toward Paperlike Displays, Science
  20. Quantum Computer Design Lights Dots, TRN News
  21. The Key Vanishes: Scientist Outlines Unbreakable Code, NYTimes
  22. Assessing The Predictability Of Social And Economic Time-Series Data: The Example Of Crime In The UK, arXiv
  23. Power Law Distribution Of The Duration And Magnitude Of Recessions In Capitalist Economies, arXiv
  24. Links & Snippets
    1. Pub Alert
    2. Announcements

  1. Humbled By The Genome's Mysteries, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Human complexity cannot be generated by 30,000 genes under the old view of life embodied in what geneticists literally called (...) their "central dogma": (...) with one item of code (a gene) ultimately making one item of substance (a protein), and the congeries of proteins making a body. Those 142,000 messages no doubt exist, as they must to build our bodies' complexity, with our previous error now exposed as the assumption that each message came from a distinct gene.


  2. Protein Encoding By Both DNA Strands, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: All the evidence so far points to a gene's protein-coding information being contained in only one of its two DNA strands, with this strand serving as a template for transcription of the precursor RNA that is eventually translated into protein1. Here we present structural evidence showing that the protein-coding information (...) is provided by both of its complementary DNA strands, and not by just one. This novel organization (...) a surprising feature that raises new questions regarding genome complexity and evolution.

  3. Life In Extreme Environments, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Each recent report of liquid water existing elsewhere in the Solar System has reverberated through the international press and excited the imagination of humankind. (...) What we previously thought of as insurmountable physical and chemical barriers to life, we now see as yet another niche harbouring 'extremophiles'.(...) Here we examine critically what it means to be an extremophile, and the implications of this for evolution, biotechnology and especially the search for life in the Universe

  4. The Habitat And Nature Of Early Life, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Probably until 4,000 million years ago or later, occasional impacts might have heated the ocean over 100 °C. Life on Earth dates from before about 3,800 million years ago, and is likely to have gone through one or more hot-ocean 'bottlenecks'. Only hyperthermophiles (organisms optimally living in water at 80-110 °C) would have survived. (...) By about 3,500 million years ago, most of the principal biochemical pathways that sustain the modern biosphere had evolved, and were global in scope.

  5. Boiling-Water Worm Hosts Bizarre Bugs, Discovery News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt:An animal that can live in boiling water, making it the most extreme heat-loving animal on the planet, is attracting the attention of industrial chemists and scientists, according to deep-sea vent researchers.

    Called the Pompeii worm, this bizarre creatures lives on the edges of smoking-hot hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, said researcher Craig Cary at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in San Francisco last weekend.


  6. Chance And Necessity: The Evolution Of Morphological Complexity And Diversity, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Despite their disparate forms and physiologies, the evolution and diversification of plants, animals, fungi and other macroforms has followed similar global trends. One of the most important features underlying evolutionary increases in animal and plant size, complexity and diversity has been their modular construction from reiterated parts. Although simple filamentous and spherical forms may evolve wherever cellular life exists, the evolution of motile, modular mega-organisms might not be a universal pattern.

  7. The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: As far as we know, humanity is alone in the Universe: there is no definite evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, let alone extraterrestrial civilizations (ETCs) capable of communicating or travelling over interstellar distances. (...). But there is a middle way. It is now possible to put limits on the existence of ETCs of varying capabilities, within arbitrary distances from the Solar System, and conceive of real-world strategies whereby we might communicate with ETCs, or they with us.


  8. Where Are The Dolphins?, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The key distinction lies between features that are 'universal' and those that are merely 'parochial'. The best current test for universality is to ask whether a feature of interest arose more than once, independently, in evolution on Earth. (...) Alien evolution will resemble ours in universals, but not in parochials. (...) Because it is all we know, it is easy to assume that carbon-based molecular structure, genetics based on DNA and an oxygen/water environment are necessarily universal.

  9. Anthropologist Examines The Power Of Water On Earth's Earliest Civilizations, U Cincinnati , ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Water supplies and water management were driving forces behind the development of the earliest known civilizations; however University of Cincinnati anthropologist Vernon Scarborough reports that there are key differences between semi-arid and tropical regions. (...)

    Scarborough has spent the last several years examining water management strategies used by the Maya from Mexico to Belize, then comparing those systems with others around the world including the still-existing water temples of Bali.

    "What inspired the Bali research was trying to better understand how early archaic states evolved in these tropical settings. When I look at Bali, I see the Maya lowlands about 1,000 years ago before it really began to fall apart. They have a degree of social complexity that may mimic what the ancient Maya were doing." (...)

    Scarborough concluded that water management is a "vector" in organizing these early city-states. "Populations grow rapidly in the semi-arid regions with irrigation, but less so in the tropics. Centralization is a hallmark in civilization, and they're already having trouble with that."

    Scarborough said the problems and solutions are consistent across early tropical states from Bali to Belize and including Sri Lanka and Cambodia as well. Civilizations are dispersed across the landscape, but the residents use the local topography and in the Maya case develop hilltop reservoirs to capture rainwater for use in the dry seasons. The result? Water power quickly gives rise to political power.

    "Rain is seasonal instead of temperature in these areas. Where the dry season availability of water is limited, semitropical states build reservoirs. What happens is that reservoirs with a huge capacity allow centralization of population, but water can be used as a lever to increase power."

    Scarborough says it's essential to understand how the tropical states evolved to complete our understanding of Earth's earliest civilizations. "There are a lot of unknowns. What are the tropical rhythms, and what impact did they have? There are some great things we know nothing about. The tropics really have been neglected in terms of anthropological models. The yardstick for measuring early social complexity is traditionally the archaic state in semi-arid settings along major rivers."


  10. Scientists Spar Over Claims of Earliest Human Ancestor, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: In two papers scheduled for publication in the 28 February issue of the Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, researchers claim that a set of 6-million-year-old bones unearthed in Kenya last year represents our earliest known ancestor. Not only would the find predate other leading candidates by some 2 million years; the authors also believe that all australopithecines--hominids which include the famous skeleton Lucy, whose species is thought to be one of our direct ancestors--should be relegated to a side branch in favor of their specimen.

  11. The Impact Of Specialized Enemies On The Dimensionality Of Host Dynamics, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Although individual species persist within a web of interactions with other species, data are usually gathered only from the focal species itself. We ask whether evidence of a species' interactions be detected and understood from patterns in the dynamics of that species alone. Theory predicts that strong coupling between a prey and a specialist predator/parasite should lead to an increase in the dimensionality of the prey's dynamics, whereas weak coupling should not. Here we describe a rare test of this prediction.

  12. Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most potent source of interannual climate variability. Uncertainty surrounding the impact of greenhouse warming on ENSO strength and frequency has stimulated efforts to develop a better understanding of the sensitivity of ENSO to climate change. Here we use annually banded corals from Papua New Guinea to show that ENSO has existed for the past 130,000 years, operating even during "glacial" times of substantially reduced regional and global temperature and changed solar forcing.

    1. A Slow Dance for El Niño, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: In many parts of the world, climate responds to the interannual beat of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (…) in the tropical Pacific. The past 20 years have witnessed the two strongest (and costliest) El Niño events in the historical record, leading many to speculate that ENSO may be changing as a result of global warming. This speculation is contentious, not least because models show that a wide range of ENSO behavior may occur without considering influences from outside the equatorial Pacific.


  13. Predicting El Nino With The Help Of A Wind Trigger, AGU/ Science Daily Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Just as a spark can grow into a fire, so small departures of winds from the normal seasonal cycle in the far western equatorial Pacific can trigger a full-blown El Nino. Writing in the February 15 issue of the journal Geophysical Research Letters, Prof. Allan J. Clarke and Research Associate Stephen Van Gorder of Florida State University describe the model they have developed to predict El Nino using this trigger.

    The departure of the wind from its normal seasonal cycle is called a wind "anomaly." The ocean is hypersensitive to zonal (east-west) equatorial wind anomalies. Analysis of eight El Nino events in equatorial wind data since 1960 shows that these events typically begin in the far western equatorial Pacific as small westerly wind anomalies. They grow and move eastward to the central equatorial Pacific as the ocean and atmosphere interact to reinforce the anomaly. La Ninas are similarly associated with easterly wind anomalies.

    Based on their observation that the wind anomaly in the far western equatorial Pacific typically precedes El Nino or La Nina by about six months, Clarke and Van Gorder developed a model which, in spite of its simplicity, performs as well as, or better than, the leading El Nino prediction models. Their new model is further improved, they note, by factoring in the east-west movement of the edge of the huge pool of warm water in the western equatorial Pacific. The model also predicts the demise of El Nino and La Nina.

    The authors urge further study of the western equatorial Pacific wind anomalies that spark El Nino and La Nina, because these anomalies are at present poorly understood.


  14. Was the Medieval Warm Period Global?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: One might ask why the strength of the Atlantic's conveyor circulation oscillates on a time scale of one cycle per 1000 to 2000 years. I suspect that it has to do with the export through the atmosphere of water vapor from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. (…).Such an increase in salt content would densify cold surface water (…), thereby strongly altering the buoyancy of surface waters in the North Atlantic and hence their ability to sink to the abyss.

  15. Passport, Please: A Global Strategy To Curb Invasive Species, Stanford University, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Plants have no respect for boundaries. Nor, for that matter, do zebra mussels, crazy ants or Nile perch. When alien species invade, they wreak havoc on economies and ecosystems across the globe. Curbing the problem is an international task, says Harold A. Mooney, a Stanford biologist who helped design a global plan to deal with the invaders.

    ``If we have a fire, then we send for the fire truck. People respond right away. But we have no strategy for invasive species,`` says Mooney, the Paul S. Achilles Professor of Environmental Biology. He will outline a 10-point strategy to curb invasive species at the American Association of the Advancement of Science (AAAS) conference on Friday, Feb. 16, at 9 a.m. PT.

    Mooney is speaking on behalf of the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP), an international collaboration of scientists, lawyers and policy makers that has been working for three years to come up with an effective and globally acceptable plan.

    Behind habitat destruction, alien invasion is the second greatest cause of species extinction worldwide. On islands, alien invasion is the number one cause of extinction, says Laurie Neville, project officer for GISP.

    When the small brown tree snake arrived on the coast of Guam, it entered an island with 13 species of forest birds, 12 types of lizards and three bat species. Today, only one bat species remains, three forest birds and six native lizard species.

    Biodiversity loss, though devastating, is not the only issue. More than one million nocturnal brown snakes now inhabit even the smallest spaces on Guam. They cause black-outs by crawling on power lines, hunt in family chicken coops and slide into homes through bathroom vents.


  16. Neuronal Choir Hums In Unison To Rivet Brain's Attention, NIH/NIMH/Science Daily Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: In a crowded room of people talking, a few voices singing in unison will quickly drown out the noise. NIMH scientists have discovered that the brain uses a similar principle to enable its neurons engaged in critically important tasks to win out over neurons essentially processing distractions. In the February 23, 2001 Science, Robert Desimone, Ph.D., Pascal Fries, Ph.D., and Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LNP) colleagues, suggest that synchronous neuronal firing may be a fundamental mechanism for boosting the volume of brain signals representing behaviorally relevant stimuli.

    Desimone and colleagues pinpointed the responses of brain neurons in monkeys paying attention to a particular stimulus and ignoring nearby distracters. Using electrophysiological recordings, they monitored groups of neurons in the visual processing area at the back of the brain (V4). They discovered that neurons activated by features of the attended stimulus conspicuously synchronized their activity in the gamma (40-90 hz) range, which roughly corresponds to the hum of an electrical power outlet or fluorescent light. Meanwhile, neurons activated by features of the distracters, in effect, continued to speak with disparate voices.

    The researchers suggest that such synchronous ensemble firing produces an amplifying effect that telegraphs the oscillating signal representing the attended stimulus to downstream processing areas in the brain. These areas, such as the inferior temporal cortex, will, in turn pass on the signal to brain areas involved in the highest levels of visual cognition and awareness, creating, in effect, a chain reaction through the visual processing pathways.

    "Disorders of attention are common components of various mental illnesses," noted Desimone, who serves as both Chief of the LNP and as Director of the NIMH Intramural Research Program. "We're beginning to appreciate that the things that go awry in the brain may have to do with the timing of neuronal signals - with the neuronal choir going out of sync." He suggested that future studies might examine possible underlying mechanisms, such as the role of neuromodulators, such as acetylcholine, in synchronizing activity of neuronal ensembles.


    1. Attention Leads to Synchronization, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: When we look around, we perceive a multitude of stimuli in a typical visual scene. When we focus our attention onto a particular object, the other stimuli get ignored and their input is suppressed. Fries et al. (p. 1560; see the Perspective by Stryker) investigated how selective attention operates in the visual processing pathways. They found that high-frequency oscillations in area V4 are enhanced in neurons that encode attended stimuli. These results support the hypothesis that attention modulates synchronized neuronal activity.


    2. Drums Keep Pounding a Rhythm in the Brain, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Their experiments show that it is the rhythmic coordination of a subpopulation of neurons, and not just the amount of nerve cell activity per se, that is associated with finding what we are looking for and missing the unexpected. Their work suggests that the rhythmic synchrony of electrical signals may not be the hallmark of perceptual unity or of conscious awareness. Instead it may be a consequence of a decision to focus attention on a relevant stimulus.


    3. Modulation Of Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization By Selective Visual Attention, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: In crowded visual scenes, attention is needed to select relevant stimuli. To study the underlying mechanisms, we recorded neurons in cortical area V4 while macaque monkeys attended to behaviorally relevant stimuli and ignored distracters. Neurons activated by the attended stimulus showed increased gamma-frequency (…) synchronization but reduced low-frequency (…) synchronization compared with neurons at nearby V4 sites activated by distracters. Because postsynaptic integration times are short, these localized changes in synchronization may serve to amplify behaviorally relevant signals in the cortex.


  17. Neural-Network Models Of Learning And Memory, Trends In Cognitive Sciences Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Real-time neural-network models provide a conceptual framework for formulating questions about the nature of cognition, an architectural framework for mapping cognitive functions to brain regions, a semantic framework for defining terms, and a computational framework for testing hypotheses. This article considers key questions about how a physical system might simultaneously support one-trial learning and lifetime memories, in the context of neural models that test possible solutions to the problems posed. Model properties point to partial answers, and model limitations lead to new questions. Placing individual system components in the context of a unified real-time network allows analysis to move from the level of neural processes, including learning laws and rules of synaptic transmission, to cognitive processes, including attention and consciousness.

  18. 'Smallest' Robot To Take World By Swarm, CNN Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The mini-machines could travel in swarms like insects and go into locations too small for their bulkier cousins, communicating all the while with each other and human operators in a remote location.

    Eventually fleets of the robots could scamper through pipes looking for chemical releases or patrol buildings in search of prowlers. (...)

    The size of the robot is limited by the size of its power source. The frame must be large enough to hold three watch batteries, which drive its motors and instruments.


  19. Toward Paperlike Displays, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Low-cost electronic displays that look and feel like conventional printed paper will dramatically change the way we use and interact with laptop computers, personal digital assistants, and cellular telephones. They will also alter our notions of newspapers, magazines, greeting cards, and even cereal boxes, bumper stickers, and wallpaper.

    Such "electronic paper" displays are radically different from traditional electronic systems (…). Electronic paper is a thin, high-contrast, reflective display that can be flexed, bent, rolled-up, and folded.


  20. Quantum Computer Design Lights Dots, TRN News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: The principal drawback to the Italian researchers' scheme is the lack of a method for addressing individual qubits. Because the quantum dots have to be spaced more closely than the wavelengths of light, the researchers can't use light to observe individual qubits, said Rossi.

    The researchers are considering getting around the problem by using a cellular automata scheme instead of attempting to address each qubit individually. If quantum dots are spaced closely enough, the position of electrons in one quantum dot determines the position of electrons in the adjacent dot, which allows information to be transferred along a series of dots.


  21. The Key Vanishes: Scientist Outlines Unbreakable Code, NYTimes Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: But with Dr. Rabin's system, the message stays secret forever because the code uses a stream of random numbers that are plugged into the key for encoding and decoding. The numbers are never stored in a computer's memory, so they essentially vanish as the message is being encrypted and decrypted.(...)

    The coding starts with a continuously generated string of random numbers, say from a satellite put up to broadcast them or from some other source.


  22. Assessing The Predictability Of Social And Economic Time-Series Data: The Example Of Crime In The UK, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Policy targets are being set increasingly for social and economic variables in the UK. This approach requires that reasonably successful ex ante forecasts can be made. We propose a general methodology for assessing the extent to which this can be done. It has already been applied to GDP growth rate data. In this paper, we illustrate the technique with reference to property and violent crime in the UK over the post-war period. The forecasting record of the Home Office is poor. We show that this arises from an inherent property of the data, namely a lack of genuine information content. It is not possible in the current state of scientific knowledge to improve significantly on the Home Office record. We relate these findings to the econometric methodology of co-integration, and show that the correlation matrix of the data used in the Home Office models is dominated by noise.

  23. Power Law Distribution Of The Duration And Magnitude Of Recessions In Capitalist Economies, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Power law distributions of macroscopic observables are ubiquitous in both the natural and social sciences. They are indicative of correlated, cooperative phenomena between groups of interacting agents at the microscopic level. In this paper we argue that when one is considering aggregate macroeconomic data (annual growth rates in real per capita GDP in the seventeen leading capitalist economies from 1870 through to 1994) the magnitude and duration of recessions over the business cycle do indeed follow power law like behaviour for a significant proportion of the data (demonstrating the existence of cooperative phenomena amongst economic agents). Crucially, however, there are systematic deviations from this behaviour when one considers the frequency of occurrence of large recessions. Under these circumstances the power law scaling breaks down. It is argued that it is the adaptive behaviour of the agents (their ability to recognise the changing economic environment) which modifies their cooperative behaviour.

  24. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Pub Alert Next Article Bookmark and Share

      These references can be found in http://www.thescientificworld.com/. To retrieve the articles connect to the site and search for the title.
      • 1. Learning To Cope: Developing As A Person In Complex Societies, Frydenberg, E., Adolescence -San Diego-
      • 2. The Bns-Chung Criterion For Multi-Party Communication Complexity, Raz, R., Computational Complexity
      • 3. On The Relation Between Entropy And The Average Complexity Of Trajectories In Dynamical Systems, Blume, F., Computational Complexity
      • 4. Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways To Complexity In Africa, Edited By Susan Keech Mcintosh, Gonzalez, D. G., American Antiquity
      • 5. Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, And Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity In Northeast China, By Gideon Shelach, Nelson, S. M., American Antiquity
      • 6. Defamation: The Pleading Of Meaning The Complexity In Defamation Proceedings Is Caused By A Lack Of Clear Rules On The Pleading Of Meaning. A Recent Court Of Appeal Decision Has Helped Resolve The Confusion By Establishing Clearer Principles, Unknown Author, Law Institute Journal -Melbourne-
      • 7. Resolving The Complexity Dilemma In E-Commerce Firms Through Objective Organization, Sones, R., Logistics Information Management
      • 8. Lower Bounds For The Bilinear Complexity Of Associative Algebras, Blaser, M., Computational Complexity
      • 9. Problems In Studying Complex Molecular Motions By Nmr Relaxation, Latanowicz, L.; Reynhardt, E. C.; Medycki, W., Molecular Physics Reports
      • 10. The Strategic Use Of Complex Computer Systems, Bhavnani, S. K.; John, B. E., Human Computer Interaction -Hillsdale Then Mahwah-
      • 11. The Complexity Of External Acoustic Detection Of Defects In Bjork-Shiley Convexoconcave Heart Valves, De Mol, B. A.; Cromheecke, M. E.; Groen, J. G.; Faber, G.; Van Der Heiden, M. S.; Ongkiehong, L., Artificial Organs -Ohio-
      • 12. Syntactic Parsing And Working Memory: The Effects Of Syntactic Complexity, Reading Span, And Concurrent Load, Vos, S. H.; Gunter, T. C.; Schriefers, H.; Friederici, A. D., Language And Cognitive Processes
      • 13. Having Our Cake And Eating It Too: How The Galen Intermediate Representation Reconciles Internal Complexity With Users' Requirements For Appropriateness And Simplicity, Solomon, W. D.; Roberts, A.; Rogers, J. E.; Wroe, C. J.; Rector, A. L., Journal- American Medical Informatics Association
      • 14. Experience Using A Programmable Rules Engine To Implement A Complex Medical Protocol During Order Entry, Starmer, J. M.; Talbert, D. A.; Miller, R. A., Journal- American Medical Informatics Association
      • 15. How To Partition A Complex Schema Of A Medical Terminology, Gu, H.; Perl, Y.; Halper, M.; Geller, J.; Kuo, F.; Cimino, J. J., Journal- American Medical Informatics Association
      • 16. Cross-Cultural Performance Feedback The Globally Diverse Workplace Becomes More Complex And More Vibrant When Consultants Open Their Eyes To The Benefits That Cultural Differences Provide, Schmuckler, J., Od Practitioner
      • 17. Complex Organization Of Promoter And Enhancer Elements Regulate The Tissue- And Developmental Stage-Specific Expression Of The Drosophila Melanogaster Gld Gene, Keplinger, B. L.; Guo, X.; Quine, J.; Feng, Y.; Cavener, D. R., Genetics -Usa-
      • 18. Allergic Reactions Dr Jagjit Singh Examines The Complex Issue Of Allergy In The Workplace, Considering The Types And Causes Of Allergic Reactions And How They May Be Prevented, Unknown Author, Health And Safety At Work -Croydon-
      • 19. Time-Delay Feedback Control Of Complex Pathological Rhythms In An Atrioventricular Conduction Model, Brandt, M. E.; Chen, G., International Journal Of Bifurcation And Chaos In Applied Sciences And Engineering
      • 20. The Structure Of Complex Thin-Film Systems From Ellipsometric Simulation: A Pbi2-Cu Photoresist, Sopinskii, N. V., Russian Microelectronics C/C Of Mikroelektronika
      • 21. Task Complexity, Task Difficulty, And Task Production: Exploring Interactions In A Componential Framework, Robinson, P., Applied Linguistics -Oxford-
      • 22. Finite Element Modeling And Simulation Of Welding Part 1: Increased Complexity, Lindgren, L.-E., Journal Of Thermal Stresses
      • 23. Prostate Cancer: Simplicity To Complexity, Peters, M. A.; Ostrander, E. A., Nature Genetics
      • 24. Interative Detection Adaptivity, Complexity Reduction, And Applications, Chugg, K. M.; Anastasopoulos, A.; Chen, X., Kluwer International Series In Engineering And Computer Science
      • 25. Development Of Physical And Chemical Foundations And Technologies For Complex Processing Of Aluminum-Containing Raw Materials By Non-Conventional Methods, Lainer, Y. A.; Reznichenko, V. A., Russian Journal Of Non Ferrous Metals C/C Of Tsvetnye Metally
      • 26. Peripheric Realism Versus Complex Interdependence: Analyzing Argentine And Mexican Foreign Policies Since 1988, Sahni, V., International Studies -Bombay Then New Delhi-
      • 27. Spontaneous Growth Of Two-Dimensional Complex Patterns Of Nanoparticles At Model Molecular Surfaces, Haidara, H.; Mougin, K.; Schultz, J., Langmuir
      • 28. Extending The Sequence Diagram In Uml For Complex Dynamic Behaviour Specification, Liang, Y., Computing And Information Systems
      • 29. Cloning And Characterization Of A Complex Dna Fingerprinting Probe For Candida Parapsilosis, Enger, L.; Joly, S.; Pujol, C.; Simonson, P.; Pfaller, M.; Soll, D. R., Journal Of Clinical Microbiology
      • 30. Differences In Complexity Of Isolated Brachydactyly Type C Cannot Be Attributed To Locus Heterogeneity Alone, Galjaard, R. J. H.; Van Der Ham, L. I.; Posch, N. A. S.; Dijkstra, P. F.; Oostra, B. A.; Hovius, S. E. R.; Timmenga, E. J. F.; Sonneveld, G. J.; Hoogeboom, A. J. M.; Heutink, P., American Journal Of Medical Genetics
      • 31. Towards The Next Generation Change Model An Exploration Of Change Models As They Relate To Organizational Complexity And Dynamics, Evans, J.; Thach, L., Od Practitioner
      • 32. Comparison Of Software Programs For Data Analysis Of Complex Surveys, De Sousa, M. H.; Da Silva, N. N., Revista De Saude Publica
      • 33. The Complexity Of Tnf-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, Abe, K.; Kurakin, A.; Mohseni-Maybodi, M.; Kay, B.; Khosravi-Far, R., Annals- New York Academy Of Sciences
      • 34. Microhabitat Associations Of Three Species Of Dryopoidea (Coleoptera) In An Ozark Stream: A Comparison Of Substrate, And Simple And Complex Hydraulic Characters, Lloyd, F.; Sites, R. W., Hydrobiologia -The Hague-
      • 35. Adaptive Complexity And Phenomenal Consciousness, Grantham, T.; Nichols, S., Philosophy Of Science -East Lansing
      • 36. Complex Of Correctional Equipment Intended For The Development Of Measuring And Motional Skills And Space Imagination In Pupils At School Of The Viii-Th Type, Lityagin, V. A., Defektologiia
      • 37. Peculiarities Of Individual Correctional Work With Children Who Have Complex Defect (From Practical Experience), Filina, T. M., Defektologiia
      • 38. Dynamics Of A Quadratic Map In Two Complex Variables, Greenfield, S. J.; Nussbaum, R. D., Journal Of Differential Equations
      • 39. Fetal Echogenic Bowel: A Complex Scenario, Sepulveda, W.; Sebire, N. J., Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology
      • 40. The Application Of Microchemical Analysis Of Alluvial Gold Grains To The Understanding Of Complex Local And Regional Gold Mineralization: A Case Study In The Irish And Scottish Caledonides, Chapman, R. J.; Leake, R. C.; Moles, N. R.; Earls, G.; Cooper, C.; Harrington, K.; Berzins, R., Economic Geology
      • 41. Analysis Of Transient Scattering From Composite Arbitrarily Shaped Complex Structures, Sarkar, T. K.; Lee, W.; Rao, S. M., Ieee Transactions On Antennas And Propagation
      • 42. A Follow-Up Study Of 14 Young Adults With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I, Greipp, M. E., Journal Of Neuroscience Nursing
      • 43. A High-Resolution Analysis Of Cloud Amount And Type Over Complex Topography, Uddstrom, M. J.; Mcgregor, J. A.; Gray, W. R.; Kidson, J. W., Journal Of Applied Meteorology
      • 44. Complex Coping Patterns And Their Role In Adaptation And Neuroimmunomodulation: Theory, Methodology, And Research, Temoshok, L. R., Annals- New York Academy Of Sciences
      • 45. Flavor Release From Emulsions And Complex Media, Voilley, A.; Diaz, M. A. E.; Druaux, C.; Landy, P., Acs Symposium Series
      • 46. Structure And Composition Of The Shigella Flexneri `Needle Complex', A Part Of Its Type Iii Secreton, Blocker, A.; Jouihri, N.; Larquet, E.; Gounon, P.; Ebel, F.; Parsot, C.; Sansonetti, P.; Allaoul, A., Molecular Microbiology
      • 47. Complexity Of Heart Rate, Blood Pressure And Respiration Disclosed By Pattern Fractal Analysis, Ripoli, A.; Emdin, M., Computers In Cardiology
      • 48. Complexity Analysis Of Heart Rate Variability Applied To Chagasic Patients And Normal Subjects, Guillen, P.; Vallverdu, M.; Claria, F.; Jugo, D.; Carrasco, H.; Caminal, P., Computers In Cardiology
      • 49. Low Complexity Methods For Intracardiac Atrial Electrogram Compression, Rossi, P.; Casaleggio, A.; Chiappalone, M.; Morando, M.; Corbucci, G.; Reggiani, M.; Sartori, G.; Borgo, E., Computers In Cardiology
      • 50. Physionet: A Research Resource For Studies Of Complex Physiologic And Biomedical Signals, Moody, G. B.; Mark, R. G.; Goldberger, A. L., Computers In Cardiology
      • 51. A Classroom Activity Exploring The Complexity Of Sexual Orientation, Madson, L., Teaching Of Psychology
      • 52. Numerical Simulations Of Cardiac Dynamics: What Can We Learn From Simple And Complex Models?, Fenton, F. H., Computers In Cardiology
      • 53. Finding Hidden Patterns In Complex Ventricular Ectopy, Schulte-Frohlinde, V.; Ashkenazy, Y.; Ivanov, P. C.; Morley-Davies, A.; Glass, L.; Goldberger, A. L.; Stanley, H. E., Computers In Cardiology
      • 54. Three-Dimensional Velocity Measurement Of Complex Interstitial Flows Through Water-Saturated Porous Media By The Tagging Method In The MRI Technique, Ogawa, K.; Matsuka, T.; Hirai, S.; Okazaki, K., Measurement Science And Technology

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